INdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ibhengeze nge-24 kaJanuwari njenge Usuku lwezeMfundo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, ukuqinisa imfundo kudlala ngoxolo nophuhliso. Kumsitho ofanayo siye sagqiba kwelokuba singene nzulu kumthetho osandula ukwamkelwa waseCelaá kunye notshintsho olucebisa ngemfundo eyodwa.
La Imfundo ebandakanyayo lilungelo ekufuneka liqinisekisiwe kuwo onke amakhwenkwe namantombazana, njengoko yamkelwe nguRhulumente waseSpain xa etyikitya iNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo. Sililungiselele eli nqaku ngokuya kumthombo wePlena Inclusión, uthungelwano lokudibana olukhoyo kuyo yonke imimandla yoluntu ezimeleyo.
Utshintsho kuMthetho waseCelaá kwimfundo ekhethekileyo
Umthetho obizwa ngokuba yiCelaá wamkelwa ziiNkundla ngaphandle kokuphikisana ngoNovemba 2020. Enye yeengongoma eziye zaphakamisa eyona nto igxekayo yile yemfundo eyodwa. Lo mthetho wezemfundo awumiseli ngokucacileyo uxinzelelo lwemfundo eyodwa. Nangona kukho ukutolikwa malunga neziphumo ezinokuzisa kwikamva.
Kwisibonelelo sayo sesine esongezelelweyo, umthetho uthi kwiminyaka eli-10 amaziko aqhelekileyo kufuneka abe nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze akwazi ukukhonza abafundi abakhubazekileyo kwezona meko zilungileyo. Eyona nto yenzelwe eli nqaku kukuphucula imfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi. Akukho salathiso sicacileyo senziweyo ngokutshintshwa kwabantwana besikolo ukusuka kumaziko awodwa ukuya kumaziko aqhelekileyo. Ngapha koko, kucelwa ukuba abaphathi bezemfundo baqhubeke nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyimfuneko kumaziko emfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa.
Ngokwedatha evela kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezemfundo, eSpain kukho amaziko okanye iiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ezingama-473. Kwelinye icala, kukho inyani yokuba i-83% yabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa bafunda kumaziko aqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imfundo ebandakanyayo iseyeyona ngxaki ilindileyo.
Yintoni eyenza imfundo ekhethekileyo yahluke kwimodeli ebandakanyayo?
Ngokubanzi, zintathu iintlobo zokuqwalaselwa kwabafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Kowokuqala kwabo bakhusela i imfundo ekhethekileyo, amakhwenkwe namantombazana baya kumaziko awodwa apho kukho kuphela abafundi abakhubazeke ngengqondo okanye abanengxaki yophuhliso. Ke ngoko, abasebenzi bakhethekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zakho ezithile.
Kulo imodeli ebandakanyayo, abafundi abakhubazeke ngengqondo okanye abanengxaki yokukhula baya kumaziko aqhelekileyo nakweliphi na ibakala lemfundo. Kukho amagumbi okufundela athile apho imigaqo emithathu iqinisekisiwe: ubukho, ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nenkqubela phambili. Ukuze le modeli iphuculwe phantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo, kufuneka abasebenzi abaneemfuno ezizodwa ukuba bajongane neemfuno zabo ezizodwa, ezingenalo kumaziko ngokubanzi.
Kukho indlela yesithathu apho i uncedo kumaziko emfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, ngokudityaniswa okulandelayo kwinkqubo yesiqhelo. Kwicandelo lombutho wePlena Inclusión, into abayithethayo kukuba uMthetho unika iziqinisekiso zotyalo-mali kwimfundo ebandakanya wonke umntu, ukongeza, amalungelo eentsapho ukuba akhethe imodeli yemfundo yabantwana bawo ayamkelwa. Kwaye ayithathi ingqalelo njengesalathiso samaziko emfundo awodwa asebenzayo kwaye anikezela aba bantwana baneemfuno ezizodwa.
Enye idatha eSpain
Njengoko sibonisile, Icandelo loMphathiswa linamaziko emfundo akhethekileyo angama-473 okanye iiyunithi kuloo mmandla, ekukho kuzo ootitshala abayi-8.232. Uninzi lwala maziko luzalwe njengelinge leentsapho ezinabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Ngamaziko adibeneyo, amiselwe njengombutho okanye isiseko.
ESpain kukho abafundi abali-175.308 abaneemfuno ezizodwa ezihlanganisiweyo kumaziko aqhelekileyo. Le yi-2,6% yenani lilonke labafundi kwizifundo ezingezoyunivesithi. Kwezi, iipesenti ezingama-30 zinokukhubazeka kwengqondo, i-24% ihlupheke ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi / ukuphazamiseka kobuntu kunye ne-23% yokuphazamiseka okuthe gabalala.
Enyanisweni, I-83% yaba bafundi ibhalise kumaziko aqhelekileyo kwaye i-17% eseleyo, i-38.000 yabafundi abangamadoda nabasetyhini, kumaziko emfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa. Iipesenti eziphezulu zokubandakanywa zihambelana nokuziphatha okunzima / ukuphazamiseka kobuntu, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubonakalayo, ngokulandelanayo.