umnikelo weqanda Bubuchule obuncediswayo bokuchumisa i-heterologous apho kusetyenziswa amaqanda avela kumnikeli ongaphandle kwisibini kunye namadlozi esibini. Amaqanda akhuliswa kwi-in vitro kwaye i-embryo ephumayo ifakwe kwisibeleko somfazi ofuna ukuba nomntwana. Yinkqubo engabandakanyi ingozi enkulu ukuba uya ku iziko eliqeqeshiweyo elinamava aqinisekisiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nemiphumo emibi kubo bobabini umnikeli kunye nomamkeli. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuba neengcamango ezicacileyo malunga neziganeko ezimbi ezinokwenzeka ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kweqanda.
Umnikelo weqanda, yintoni na?
Umntu onokuba ngumnikeli uya kuxilongwa ukuze aqinisekise ubume bempilo yakhe. Kufuneka ube phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nama-35 ubudala, ungabinazifo ezosulelayo okanye zofuzo (ngenxa yoku kufuneka ube nabazali ababaziyo), kunye nembali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi notywala. Ukuba imbali kunye nezinye izinto zilungelelene, ibhinqa lihamba ukuvuselela i-ovarian ngoncedo lwamanye amayeza kwaye ijongwe yi-ultrasound malunga neeveki ezi-2. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, i-ova efunekayo ithathwa kwaye iya kuba yiqhwa okanye iphathwe ngokutsha. Oko kukuthi, baya kufakwa kwi-in vitro fertilization (emva kokunyibilika) kunye nedlozi lendoda yesi sibini singazaliyo. Isampuli yenziwa ngokunqwenela iifollicles eziye zaphuhliswa ngaphakathi kwama-ovari avuselelweyo. Yenziwa nge-transvaginal ultrasound probe exhotyiswe ngenaliti entle kakhulu edlula eludongeni lobufazi ukuya kwi-ovary. Le sampuli yenziwa phantsi kwe-sedation.
Ngeli xesha, umfazi owamkelayo kufuneka anyamezele unyango lwehomoni malunga neentsuku ezingama-20-30 ukulungiselela i-endometrium ukufumana i-embryo. Uya kujongwa kwakhona ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, iimbumba ziya kufakwa phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokuchumisa kwee-oocyte. Inkqubo ilula kwaye ayinabuhlungu, xa kuthelekiswa nokutyelela kwe-gynecological: ngokusebenzisa i-catheter edlula kwi-canal yomlomo wesibeleko, ii-embryos zifakwe ngaphakathi kwisigxina se-uterine, phantsi kwesikhokelo se-ultrasound. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwenkqubo.
Zeziphi iingozi ezibalekayo umfazi onikela ngamaqanda?
Eyona mingcipheko ixhaphakileyo kumfazi onikelayo yenzeka emva konyango lwe-pharmacological oluyimfuneko ukuvuselela ii-ovari kwaye inokuba yile ilandelayo:
- ubunzima obuncinci
- ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
- i-ovarian hyperstimulation
Le yokugqibela ngokungathandabuzekiyo imele umngcipheko oyintloko kuba inokukhokelela, nangona kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kwiingxaki ezinzulu kakhulu, kubandakanywa nokuqhekeka kwe-ovarian. Ingozi iyancitshiswa ngokusetyenziswa kweprotocols ye-pharmacological eyaneleyo, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo nge-ultrasound phantsi kweliso kunye nesikhokelo sabasebenzi bezonyango abakhethekileyo.
ubuchule akuyona yonke into
Inkqubo yokurhoxisa, ukuba yenziwe kakuhle, ayibandakanyi iingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo kwindawo yokutofa alunakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuze kuqokelelwe isampulu, apho unyango lwe-antibiotic kufuneka lwenziwe, okanye ukuqhubeka konyango. ukopha kancinci. Ukongezelela, kukho ithuba lokuba ezinye ii-oocyte zingaphunyuka ekuqokeleleni, ngoko umnikezeli uyacetyiswa ukuba ayeke ukulala ngokungakhuselekanga ngexesha okanye ngokukhawuleza emva komjikelo wonyango ukuba akafuni ukukhulelwa.
Ekugqibeleni, ukungonwabi okuncinci kunokuhlala emva kwenkqubo, njenge intlungu encinci ye-ovarian kunye umjikelo ongaqhelekanga bahamba ngexesha elingephi.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho lunxulumano lubonakalisiweyo phakathi kwe umnikelo weqanda kunye nokuphuhliswa komhlaza okanye ezinye iipathologies kwixesha elide.
Yeyiphi imingcipheko ebalekayo owasetyhini ofumana ii-ovules?
Umnikelo Ii-ovules zowesifazane owamkelayo zilula kwaye zikhuselekile kwisigaba senkqubo, kodwa zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekuqhubekeni kokukhulelwa. Eyona mingcipheko inkulu i-preeclampsia (uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-proteinuria) kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lokukhulelwa, zombini eziyingozi kumfazi kunye nokuqhubeka kokukhulelwa. Ezi meko zinokukhokelela ekubeni ubeleke ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuzalwa komntwana obunzima obuphantsi.
Uphononongo lwezenzululwazi luye lwaqaqambisa kwaye lwaqinisekisa ezi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokunikela ngeqanda , kodwa izizathu azikacaci. Ekubeni abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 benza le nkqubo, isizathu esiphambili sikholelwa ukuba yile: ingozi yoxinzelelo lwegazi ekukhulelweni kunye ne-gestosis yanda ngokukhula. Akubandakanywanga ukuba ukonyuka kwexabiso loxinzelelo lwegazi kule meko kubangelwa yimiba yemfuza, okanye kunoko ukulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yokuzivikela embryonic ngokudibana nofuzo lomfazi owamkelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuba ukhetho olungqongqo kunye nolunyamekileyo olusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yempilo yomamkeli kunciphisa kakhulu izehlo zezi ngozi.