Nge ukukhulelwa, ngakumbi ukuba yeyokuqala, ufunda izinto ezininzi ezintsha. Ngexesha lohambo lokuzala umntwana, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana igama elithi "amniocentesis". Yazi lonto ithetha ukuthi?.
I-Amniocentesis ivela kumanyano lwamagama athi "amnio" (imvulophu ye-embryo) kunye ne "centesis" (i-puncture) kwaye ibandakanya ubuchule ukususa i-amniotic fluid ngokuhlatywa kancinci. Kodwa lolwantoni olu vavanyo? Iyingozi? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza isigqibo sokuba kwaye nini ukuzithoba kuyo? Iyintoni imiphumo? Siphendula yonke le mibuzo kwinqaku.
Yintoni i-amniocentesis?
La i-amniocentesis luviwo oluqulathe a i-muestra inaliti ye-transabdominal encinci ye i-amniotic fluid, ulwelo olujikeleze luze lukhusele imveku esesibelekweni.
Ngale nkqubo, iisampulu zebhayoloji zifunyenwe ezivumela okubizwa ngokuba ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Ivumela ukuba sichonge ubukho be iingxaki zokuzalwa (njengaye Isifo esiPhantsi, Patau syndrome okanye Edwards syndrome) okanye izifo zofuzo (ezifana ne-cystic fibrosis, i-Duchenne-Becker ye-muscular dystrophy, i-thalassemia, i-phenylketonuria).
I-Amniocentesis ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimvavanyo ze-biochemical ezijoliswe ukuxilonga iimpazamo kwimetabolism y izifo ezosulelayo ye-fetus. Iiseli ze-Fetal ezikhoyo kwisampulu yolwelo oluthathiweyo ilinywa kwi-vitro kwaye avavanywe kwiichromosomes ukuchonga nakuphi na ukungaqhelekanga, kujongwe utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza.
Ngombulelo kuhlalutyo lwe-amniotic fluid ekhutshiweyo, i karyotype yomntwana, oko kukuthi, "ikhadi lesazisi" se-chromosomal. Ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-amniotic fluid lubonisa ubukho bokungaqhelekanga kwi-karyotype yomntwana, abazali banokugqiba, ngenkxaso yoogqirha, ukuqhubeka nokukhulelwa okanye ukukuphelisa.
Zingaphi iintlobo ze-amniocentesis ezikhoyo?
Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye neyeza, namhlanje siyakwazi ukufikelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amniocentesis oko kusivumela ukuba sixilonge inani elandayo lee-anomalies kunye nokwanda kokuchaneka. Makhe sithethe nge-amniocentesis:
- Yesintu
- Imolekyuli (imolekyuli karyotype)
- IGenomics
Nge I-Amniocentesis yesiko, I-chromosomal abnormalities iphandwa ngokufunda i-karyotype ye-fetus. Iiseli ze-Fetal ezikhoyo kwisampulu yolwelo olukhutshiweyo zinyangwa nge-invitro culture kangangeentsuku ezili-15-20 kwaye zivavanyelwe ukungahambi kakuhle kwechromosomal okanye ukuguqulwa kofuzo oluthile.
El karyotype yemolekyuli Yaziswa kutshanje kwaye yindlela entsha ekwaziyo ukufumanisa inani elikhulu le-pathologies ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, kuthatha kuphela iintsuku ezi-2-3 ukufumana iziphumo zolu vavanyo, okusivumela ukuba sifumane ingxelo ngokukhawuleza kunohlalutyo lwendabuko.
I-Genomic amniocentesis ikwabizwa ngokuba GDPR– IsiZukulwana esitsha soxilongo lokubeleka. Abaninzi bayibiza ngokuba "super amniocentesis" njengoko ivumela iziphumo ezichaneke ngakumbi nezinzulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-molecular karyotyping. Zonke i-chromosome microdefects kunye nokuphuma okungaqhelekanga okunokubangela ukuba iisyndromes ezinzima kakhulu ziyaphononongwa.
Kwenziwa njani?
Ukuskena kufuneka kwenziwe ngu a Ingcali (kwaye kungekhona i-gynecologist rhoqo), kwaye ukulaliswa esibhedlele ngokuqhelekileyo akuyimfuneko. Ithathwa njenge inkqubo encinci yokuhlasela kuba kukufaka inaliti kwisisu sikamama esibelekweni.
Ukuthathwa kwesampulu kwenziwa kwisigulana esingaphandle kunye nokukulungiselela ngcono, nantsi "imephu" encinci yendlela i-amniocentesis esebenza ngayo:
- Okokuqala, a Ultrasound esweni izinga lentliziyo.
- Ubudala bokukhulelwa kunye nesikhundla somntwana, i-placenta, kunye ulwelo amniotic.
- Indawo yesampulu imisiwe, intloko isuka kusana kunye ne-placenta.
- Ikhutshelwa ngokubulala iintsholongwane mali indawo yesisu.
- Siqhubeka, phantsi kolawulo lwe-ultrasound, ukuthatha iisampulu (malunga ne-20ml).
- Inaliti iyarhoxiswa kwaye ukuhamba kujongwa kwakhona. ukukhonkotha umntwana ongekazalwa.
Lihlala ixesha elingakanani?
La Ixesha yeamniocentesis na 30 – 45 imizuzu ubuninzi, kuquka i-ultrasound. Iingxaki ezincinci zinokuvela, umzekelo, ukuba i-placenta ibekwe kwindawo engaphambili yesibeleko okanye ukuba umama rh embi. Kule meko, ukulawulwa kwe-anti-D immunoglobulin kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ugonyo olunokwenzeka lwe-Rh.
Yintoni omawuyenze (kwaye ungayenzi) emva kwe-amniocentesis
Kunconywa kumama wexesha elizayo kuphumla iintsuku ezimbini emva kwe-amniocentesis, ukuphepha nayiphi na imigudu kunye nokuhlala uzolile ekhaya.
Kuhle ukwazi ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zivele emva kokuthatha isampuli yegazi, kwaye ezimele "iimpawu ze-alamu": ukuba zivela, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ngoko nangoko medical . Masithethe nge:
- Iziphazamiso
- Umothuko wombane
- Ukulahleka kwegazi
- ukuvuza kwe-amniotic fluid
- Umkhuhlane
- Utshintsho kwimbono yeentshukumo ze-fetus
Ngaba i-amniocentesis ibuhlungu?
Le nkqubo ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kweentlungu zentlungu ngenxa yokuba ayibuhlungu kumama owenza oko. Basenokuphawulwa ukungonwabi xa ufaka inaliti, njengabo bavakalelwa ngentonga eqhelekileyo. I-gauge yenaliti esetyenziselwa i-amniocentesis ilungile kakhulu kwaye ubude bayo bu malunga ne-20 cm.