Usenokuba uvile nge-diphtheria kodwa awuqinisekanga ukuba iyintoni okanye imalunga nantoni. I-Diphtheria sisifo esosulelayo esichaphazela inwebu yangaphakathi yomqala kunye nempumlo. Isasazeka ngokulula isuka komnye umntu iye komnye ngoko ke iyosulela kakhulu, nangona ngethamsanqa namhlanje inokuthintelwa ngenxa yento yokugonya.
Ibhaktheriya ye-diphtheria inokuvelisa ityhefu echaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba. Ukuba ayinyangwa kwangethuba, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizintso, kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo nakwintliziyo. Ubangela ukufa kwi-3% yamatyala, Ke ngoko, ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, kubalulekile ukuba uye kwagqirha kwangoko.
Udiphtheria
I-Diphtheria ihlala ibangela umqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukudumba kwamadlala kunye nobuthathaka. Kodwa Ukwazi ukuba une-diphtheria inkangeleko yeempawu eziqhelekileyo iba lilitye elingqindilili, elingwevu eligquma umva womqala Inokuthintela indlela yomoya, oku kungadala iingxaki zokuphefumla.
Amatyala e-Diphtheria anqabile kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngenxa yesitofu sokulwa esi sifo, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba sikwazi ukugonya abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Okwangoku lukhona unyango lwe-diphtheria, kodwa kumanqanaba aphezulu esi sifo kunokonakalisa amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba nokuba ngonyango, inokubulala. Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kubafana nakumantombazana angaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala.
Oonobangela bokuvela komqala
Unobangela wokuba esi sifo sikhule yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiCorynebacterium diphtheriae. Le meko ihlala isasazeka isuka emntwini iye emntwini ngokudibana ngqo, okanye ngezinto ezineebhaktheriya njengeglasi esetyenzisiweyo. Unokusifumana esi sifo ukuba ukufutshane nomntu osulelekileyo kwaye uthimla, ukhohlele, okanye uvuthela impumlo. Unako ukungcola ngenxa yokuxinana okanye izinto zokwabelana.
Kungenzeka ukuba nokuba umntu owosulelekileyo akabonakalisi zimpawu zibonakalayo zesifo sokungunda komqala, banokusosulela esi sifo kangangeeveki ezintandathu emva kokuba bosulelekile ekuqaleni. Intsholongwane inokungena ngempumlo nasemqaleni kwaye xa sele yosulele iqala ukukhupha iityhefu eziyingozi. Ezi tyhefu zihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi kwaye zenze ingubo engwevu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba:
- Impumlo
- Umqala
- Ulwimi
- Iindlela zomoya
Ezi tyhefu, ukongeza ekonakaliseni intliziyo okanye izintso, zisenokubangela iingxaki zobuchopho. Ke ngoko, banokubangela iingxaki ezinje nge-myocarditis, ukukhubazeka okanye ukusilela kwezintso.
Iimpawu zokulumkisa
Iimpawu zediphtheria zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-5 zosulelo. Abanye abantu abanamava, ngelixa abanye banokubonakala benomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Njengoko besiphawulile kwimihlathi engaphambili Olunye lweempawu eziqhelekileyo zediphtheria sisambatho esimnyama esingwevu Iphuma ngasemva emqaleni, ecaleni nje okanye ngaphezulu kweetoni.
- Kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezi:
- Umkhuhlane
- Iimpawu ezinjengokubanda
- Ukudumba kwamadlala entamo
- Isikhohlela somelele ngaphezu kwengqele elula, okhohlela inja
- Umqala obuhlungu, naxa uginya kwaye uthetha
- Umbala wesikhumba esimnyama
- Iingxaki ngamathe (ukuvuza amathe ngokugqithisileyo)
- Imvakalelo ngokubanzi yokubandezeleka
- Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zinokuthi zenzeke njengoko usulelo luqhubeka kubandakanya:
- Ingxaki yokuphefumla
- Ukuginya ubunzima
- Utshintsho kumbono
- Thetha ngokwahlukileyo
- Iimpawu zothuko (luthuthu, isikhumba esibandayo, ukubila, ukubetha)
Ukuba ucoceko olubi okanye uhlala kwindawo yetropiki, unokukhulisa i-diphtheria enqamlezileyo okanye yesikhumba, ehlala ivelisa izilonda. nokuba bomvu kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
Imiba yengozi
Abantu abanokuthi bafumane i-diphtheria ngaba:
- Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangenalo ugonyo oluhlaziyiweyo
- Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye ezingacocekanga
- Uhambo oluya kwindawo enokuba nesifo somqala esibuhlungu
I-Diphtheria kunqabile ukuba yenzeke kwimimandla ephucukileyo enje nge-United States okanye i-Yurophu yaseNtshona, apho iyeza lokugonya sele likho kumashumi eminyaka. Kodwa ke ngelishwa, esi sifo siqhelekile kumazwe asaphuhlayo apho amazinga okugonya asezantsi.
Ichongwa njani iDiphtheria
Ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo se-diphtheria, kuyakufuneka ubonane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane isifo. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga i-lymph nodes. Baza kuphinda bakubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, iimpawu obukhe wanazo kwaye ukuba ngaba unazo naziphi na izinto ezinobungozi ebomini bakho zokuba ufumane i-diphtheria.
Ukuba ubona isambatho esingwevu emqaleni wakho okanye iitoni, mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba une-diphtheria kwaye kuya kufuneka uqinisekise isifo. Ukuqinisekisa oku, baya kuthatha isampulu yethishu engwevu bayithumele elebhu. Uhlalutyo olunzulu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unokuba ne-diphtheria kulusu lwakho, uya kuthi athathe isampuli yenkcubeko emqaleni wakho.
Ezinye izinto kufuneka uyazi
Ukongeza kwinto esele ixoxiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho neminye imiba ekufuneka uyazi ukuze ufumane konke malunga nesi sifo kwaye wazi ukuba ungasabela njani xa kukho imfuneko yoko.
- Iingxaki. I-Diphtheria ukuba ayinyangwa ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zokuphefumla, ukonakala kwentliziyo, kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yomqala, imithambo yeengalo nemilenze, kunye nemithambo enceda izihlunu ukuba ziphefumle.
- Unyango Ngonyango, abantu abane-diphtheria bayasinda kwezi ngxaki, kodwa ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kungacotha kakhulu. Njengoko sibonisile ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, i-diphtheria iyabulala kwi-3% yabantu abasulelwa sesi sifo. Unyango lokuqala lonyango lwe-antitoxin kunye ne-antibiotics. Ngeli xesha, unokufuna ukuba usesibhedlele ukunqanda ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angamiselwa nabantu abasondeleyo kuwe.
- Uthintelo. I-Diphtheria inokuthintelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics kunye nezitofu zokugonya.
Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-diphtheria, kufuneka uye kugqirha wakho umbuze yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nakho ukucoca nayiphi na into ongayaziyo onayo ngokubhekisele kwi-diphtheria.