Ndinolu dliwanondlebe ndilinde ixesha elide: Ndinikela kuwe u-Antonio Ortuño, Ingcali yezeNgqondo kwiKlinikhi yezeNzululwazi kunye noNyango losapho. Abanye benu banokuthi niyazi iprojekthi yeeNzululwazi eziKrelekrele, kubandakanya ezinye zeencwadi zayo ("Iintsapho eziNengqondo (izitshixo ezisebenzayo zemfundo)" kunye "Ngubani oxelela abazali bam amabali"?). Ndadibana naye buqu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwisifundo endandifunda kuso njengomfundi, kwaye ndiyithandile indlela yakhe, ngakumbi kuba kukude ekubekeni abantwana "njengeengxaki" xa kuvela iingxabano, kwaye ushiye uxanduva lusapho LONKE.
U-Antonio usebenze ngeengxaki ezinxulumene nobuntwana kunye nokufikisa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-25, kwaye ecebisa iintsapho ukuze babenakho ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yobuzali ngendlela enembeko kunye neqinisekileyo. Iziko lezeNzululwazi ngezeengqondo kunye neziko lokunika iingcebiso libonelela ngonyango kunye noqeqesho; kunye noqeqesho ngumsebenzi apho umntu ophambili wethu echitha ixesha elininzi, esebenzisana nemibutho kunye namaqela (iintsapho okanye iingcali). Kwaye andifuni ukwandisa intshayelelo kwakhona, ke ndikushiya nodliwanondlebe.
Madres Hoy: Luyintoni usapho olukrelekrele kuwe?
UAntonio Ortuño: Ukuba siqala kwinkcazo yobukrelekrele, njengokukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi olwenziweyo ukusombulula imeko ethile kwaye sikwazi ukumelana notshintsho oluya kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo, siyabona ukuba kwicandelo lemfundo loonyana bethu. kwaye neentombi kufuneka silumke. Kukho iinguqu eziqhubekayo, kuya kufuneka uthathe izigqibo, Sombulula iimeko.
Ngamafutshane, ukufundisa kukubonelela oonyana neentombi zethu ngezixhobo ukuze bazi ukusombulula iimeko zangoku nezexesha elizayo, bamkele utshintsho oluza kwenzeka ebomini babo, kwaye bafunde ukuziqhelanisa nezinto eziyinyani abazakuya kuzo. ukudibana. Usapho olukrelekrele lukhangela oku.
MH: Zeziphi izithako ezifunwa ngumzali kunye nemfundo ukuze abantwana babe ngabantu abanoxanduva kubo nakwabanye?
AO: Zimbini izinto ezisisiseko ekufuneka zibekhona kuyo nayiphi na iresiphi yemfundo: ukwamkelwa okungenamiqathango kunye nolawulo lwentlonipho.
Ukuziva wamkelwe sisitshixo sokuqhubela phambili, ukukhula, ukukhula, ukuziva unqabisekile ngokweemvakalelo. Oonyana neentombi zethu kufuneka bazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abazali babo bayabathanda kwaye bayabamkela, nokuba baziphethe njani, bayaphumelela okanye bayasilela. Kuya kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba akukho nto ehlabathini enokubenza bayeke ukubathanda, nokubakhathalela, ukuba nomdla, ukubaxhasa. Kufuneka ucinge ngalo lonke ixesha, "okoko nje ndinabazali bam akukho nto izakwenzeka kum."
Kwaye ulawulo oluhloniphekileyo luquka ukumisela imida kwimfundo, ukuhlonipha isingqi sayo sendaleko, ukumisela ukoneliseka kweemfuno zabo kulwakhiwo lwenkululeko yabo, kunye nokuseka imigaqo yomdlalo wokuhlalisana. Akukho mfuneko yokohlwaya, ukugrogrisa, ukukhwaza.
MH: Ndicinga ukuba oomama nootata abanankxaso yaneleyo kulo msebenzi ubaluleke kangaka, masifunde kwiimpazamo zethu. Siphazama phi?
AO: Ukuba ngoomama nootata abagqibeleleyo yinjongo engenangqondo eyenza kuphela ukunceda kwaye kungoyiki. Iimpazamo, kuba sonke siyazenza. Omnye wabo akabelani noxanduvaNgamanye amagama, sithwala imfundo yoonyana bethu neentombi ngasemva kwethu, sifuna ukwanela, hayi inkxaso yabanye abafundisayo. Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo endiyifumanayo kunyango lwam kukuba sihlala sixoka koonyana neentombi zethu. Ngaphandle kwenjongo embi, sithetha enye into size senze enye. Umzekelo, ndithi HAYI, kodwa ndenza EWE.
Ukungahambelani kwabantu abadala kwenza ingozi enkulu kubantwana. Enye impazamo, ukufuna ukuthobela hayi uxanduva. Umbono ayikuko ukwenza iimpazamo, kodwa kukwenza iimpazamo ezimbalwa kangangoko kwaye ufunde kuyo.
MH: Ngaba ungasichazela ukuba 'irobhothi' isebenza njani?
AO: Ukukhanya kwetrafikhi smart kubonakalisa kwimibala yayo emithathu izakhono ezintathu zokuba ngumzali endikholelwa ukuba zibalulekile ekusebenziseni iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufundisa. Ngokufanelekileyo, YITHI HAYI (irobhothi ebomvu), XOXA (irobhothi etyheli) kunye NOKUTHEMBA NOKUHLONIPHA (ukukhanya kwetrafikhi eluhlaza). Kwiiyure zokugqibela, nawuphi na utata okanye umama uthe hayi kunyana wakhe okanye kwintombi yakhe, uthethathethwano, okanye uzame ukumenza aziphathe kakuhle. Ukukhanya kwetrafikhi smart kuyazama ukubonelela ngezitshixo zokwenza ngendlela enembeko, elungeleleneyo nelula ukuze oonyana neentombi zethu bafunde ukuthi hayi, thetha-thethana kwaye uhloniphe kwaye uthembe izigqibo zabanye.
Lubuchule olusebenzayo nakweyiphi na iminyaka, olunokulungelelaniswa nayo nayiphi na ifomathi yosapho, olusebenzayo ekukhuthazeni uxanduva nolonwabo loonyana neentombi zethu. Nawuphi na umama okanye utata ofuna ukuphanda kulo mbandela, ndiyakumema ukuba ufunde incwadi yam ye-Intelligent Families: Iindlela ezisebenzayo zeMfundo, apho ndizakuyichaza ngokweenkcukacha.
MH: Kumava akho, ngaba umda uyimfuneko kubomi bosapho nakwimfundo? Yeyiphi imigaqo esimele siyibeke ukuze simisele? Ngaba kuyaxoxwa okanye kuyanyanzeliswa?
AO: Kuyo nayiphi na imeko yezemfundo kukho imida. Ngaphezu, nakuyiphi na imeko yentlalo. Ke kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuba abazali setha imida, ewe, ngendlela enembekoUkufuna ngalo lonke ixesha ukulingana phakathi koxanduva kunye nolonwabo, phakathi kwezibophelelo kunye neminqweno. Inkqubo yokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwetrafikhi inceda ukucacisa imida, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani omele athathe isigqibo kwiintsapho.
Abazali kufuneka bahlule phakathi kwezi meko zintathu xa kusonjululwa ukungavisisani kwemihla ngemihla. Kukho iingxaki ekufuneka abazali bazilawule, kwaye noonyana neentombi zabo akufuneki bathathe isigqibo kuba abanazo izixhobo zokuthatha izigqibo (isibane esibomvu); Kukho ezinye iingxaki ekufuneka oonyana bethu neentombi zethu bazisombulule, ngoncedo lwethu (irobhothi etyheli); kunye nebhloko yesithathu yeengxaki apho oonyana neentombi zethu bengasasifuniyo kwaye kuba sele benazo izixhobo zokujongana nobunyani babo ngesiqinisekiso esithile sempumelelo, kwaye ootata noomama kufuneka basikhaphe, ngentlonipho nokuthembela.
Ixabiso lethu kukubonelela ngemodeli elula nesebenzayo yemfundo esekwe kulungelelwaniso loxanduva kunye nolonwabo, ukufunda ukuba nobubele ngeemvakalelo kwaye uqinile ngokuziphatha.
MH: Kwizifundo zakho uthetha ngeengxabano, ngaba azinakuphepheka kwiintsapho? Yintoni elungileyo esiyifumanayo ngokusombulula ukungavisisani?
AO: Ukuba abazali abalishumi ngokungacwangciswanga babuzwa ukuba banempikiswano okanye banengxaki nomntwana wabo izolo, kulula ukuba nesiphumo sophando. Kuya kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba umbuzo ubuzwe nabantwana. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhanya kwetrafikhi okrelekrele kutata ngamnye kunye nomama entlokweni yabo kungqamane omnye nomnye, kuze emva koko kungqinelane nalowo unonyana okanye intombi yabo entloko. Ukuba njengomama ucinga ngombala obomvu (HAYI) kwaye unyana wakho ucinga ngombala oluhlaza (EWE), sele unongquzulwano. Kananjalo ukuba njengomama ucinga ngombala obomvu kunye neqabane lakho kwelinye umbala.
Kwiintsapho, ingxaki ayinangxabano, kodwa indlela yokujonga nokusombulula. Kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise inani lamathuba kunye nexesha analo ebuntwaneni nasebusheni ukulawula ngokuqinisekileyo ukungqubana, kuba ibonelela ngomthamo ofanelekileyo wokhuseleko lokusebenzisa uxanduva kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuzivelela kwezinto. Ukukhanya kwetrafikhi smart kwenza kube lula.
MH: Lukhula njani unxunguphalo? Ngaba sinokuyinyamezela ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa namashumi eminyaka adlulileyo?
AO: Ukukhathazeka yinto yokusebenza kwengqondo ehlala ihambelana noluntu olusinceda ukulawula umnqweno kunye nenyaniso, oko kukuthi, sinethemba lento enye, inyaniso ayiyikunikezela, kwaye kufuneka siziphazamise ekuhleleni kwakhona ukulindela. Oonyana neentombi zethu ngoomatshini xa kufikwa ekwenzeni izinto ezingekhoyo (isempilweni kakhulu), kwaye emva koko singutata nomama abalawula loo minqweno kwaye bayilungelelanise nenyaniOko kukuthi, sibeka umbala wesibane sendlela kuyo.
Ukuba umnqweno wakhe kukuba nefowuni yakho okwethutyana, umzekelo, kwaye akubuze, uneendlela ezintathu onokuzenza ukuze uzibonakalise ziyinyani: ungamvumeli (abomvu), mxelele ukuba uyishiya xa enayo ipijama kwi (tyheli) okanye uyiyeke ngqo (luhlaza). Ukukhathazeka akubonakali kuluhlaza, ngokuqinisekileyo kubomvu, kwaye kumbala otyheli. Kwaye ukunceda oonyana neentombi zethu banyamezele ukukhathazeka, kubalulekile ukuhlala kwibala oligqibileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa namashumi eminyaka adlulileyo, ukungonwabi kuyanyamezeleka namhlanje kuba sitshintsha umbala ngokulula.
MH: Khawusixelele ukuba yintoni ephawula usapho olonwabileyo.
AO: Kwintsapho eyonwabileyo, kusapho oluhlakaniphile, umlinganiswa ophambili usasazwa, ngendlela enembeko. Kukho ukwamkelwa, imvakalelo yokuba ngowakho, umdla kumava abo ngamnye, ukuqonda nokuba nomdla kumava abanye. Kukho uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa kunye nokuhlala kunye, ukuthatha ithuba lokunxibelelana okungenakubalwa mihla le kumanyano lwabo, ukwenza ubomi babo bube mnandi. Baqinisekisa ukuba abantwana babo, emva konxibelelwano ngalunye losapho, bahamba ngcono kunaye.
Kwintsapho eyonwabileyo, kusapho olukrelekrele, umnqweno wokuchaza, ukwahlula, uyaphuculwa, uhlonipha izinga lokukhula kwawo onke amalungu alo. Ukuziva uluncedo kwaye ukhethekile (ukukwazi ukubonisa ilizwe ngezakhono zakho) kubalulekile oko.
Kusapho olonwabileyo, kusapho olukrelekrele, kuyonwatyiswa yonke imihla, ukuzama ukungalali ngaphandle kokwenza into enomdla, isenzo somntu ngamnye kunye neqela, ekhaya okanye kude nekhaya. Bafuna ubunyani, ukuba bayayithanda into, baphila ubomi ngeyona ndlela inyanisekileyo. Ulonwabo luhamba kunye nolwangoku.
Ukwamkelwa okungenamqathango kunye nolawulo lwentlonipho kufuneka lubekhona kuyo nayiphi na iresiphi yemfundo
Kwintsapho eyonwabileyo, kusapho olukrelekrele, uburharha kucingelwa ukuba bubonisa isimo sengqondo sokunyamezelana nobomi kunye nokusilela kwabo. Ufunda ukwamkela ngcono ubunzima, ulawula ubomi bakho kwaye ubuphucule kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuhleka kuphucula umanyano losapho. Ukusondela ebomini kunye nokuhlekisa kuphucula ukuba ngumzali. Ukuhleka kutyalo-mali.
Kwintsapho eyonwabileyo, kusapho olukrelekrele, utshintsho kunye nenkqubela phambili ziyafunwa kwaye zikhuthazwe. Banomdla, banamabhongo, bayathanda ukufumana izinto ezintsha. Batyekele ekuziseni ukomelela, Oko kukuthi, bayakholelwa kubuchule babo xa bejamelene nobunzima, kwindlela yabo yokujongana neziganeko zobomi. Ukuthatha ukungaboni ngasonye hayi njengeengxaki, kodwa njengemiceli mngeni kunye namathuba.
Ndigcina ibinzana “Kwintsapho ekrelekrele, indima ephambili kwabelwana ngayo, ngendlela enembeko. Kukho ukuqonda, imvakalelo yokuba lilungu, umdla kumava elowo nalowo, ukuqonda nokuba nomdla kumava abanye ", nangolweyiseko lokuba Umntu ngamnye kuthi angakha iintsapho ezikrelekrele, kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ukonwaba, ukuze kuzuze ilungu ngalinye lalo, kodwa ukucinga kakhulu ngabantwana kunye nabaselula, abaya kuziva bamkelekile kwaye ngexesha elifanayo bekhuselekile kunye nokusekwa kwemida ethile eyimfuneko. Ndiyabulela uAntonio ngentsebenziswano yakhe kwaye ukusuka Madres Hoy Ndiyavuyisana nawe ngomsebenzi wakho.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - Iintsapho ezikrelekrele