Iqhenqa liseseso sifo esisaxhaphakileyo kwamanye amazwe. Yimeko echaphazela ikakhulu iindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo nakumazwe asaphuhlayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwayo kwehle ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwabantu, ngobisi lwebele okanye ngokulunywa ziingcongconi.
Esi sifo liqhenqa Kusenokwenzeka ukuba bosuleleke ebantwaneni. Akuqhelekanga ukubona iziganeko eziphezulu zabantwana abasulelekileyo, kwaye kuncinci kwilizwe lethu, kodwa iimeko zikhona kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwabo kulula kuba ukuba aba bantwana banomntu ogulayo kwindawo yabo.
Yintoni iqhenqa?
Iqhenqa likwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaHansen, isifo esinganyangekiyo esosulelayo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane I-Mycobacterium Leprae (i-bacillus ekhawulezayo eneasidi). Xa ifunyenwe Ukuhlasela izicubu ezingaphandle kwaye kuchaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo yoluvo, isifo sokuphefumla, ulusu kunye namehlo, ngaphandle kobuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
Usulelo lwayo lusasazeka lusuka emntwini luye emntwini, ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo ngamathontsi empumlo okanye omlomo. Ngeempawu zokuqala kungasetyenziswa isifo, kodwa ukuba ayifunyanwa, oonobangela banokubanzima.
Ibachaphazela njani abantwana?
Zimbalwa iimeko esinazo namhlanje xa kuthelekiswa namashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kufuneka sitsho ukuba nangona bebancinci abantwana abosulelekileyo, kunjalo zezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu ekufumaneni esi sifo.
Kubonakalisiwe oko umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wosulelwe liqhenqa ungaphezulu ngokuphindwe kane xa benxibelelana nabantu abosulelekileyo okanye amatyeli ali-9 ngaphezulu kwabantu abosulelekileyo kwidilesi enye.
Malunga ne-17% ye Abantu abaneqhenqa eIndiya ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala, kodwa nangona kunjalo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 zezona zichaphazeleka kwesi sifo. Okwangoku kukho nabantu abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala abosulelekileyo kwaye kufanelekile ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo olubalulekileyo kubafazi abakhulelweyo abanokudlulisela olu sulelo kwimveku engekazalwa.
Lichongwa njani iqhenqa ebantwaneni?
Iqhenqa uye wehla ngendlela enolwazelelelo kumashumi eminyaka edluleyo. Isukile kwizigidi ezili-12 yosulelo isiya kwi-720.000 ngonyaka wama-2000 nakwihlabathi liphela. Oku Kungenxa yokuba kukho ukufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo oko kukhokelela ekuphulukisweni ngokukhawuleza ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukongeza, iinkqubo ugonyo luhlaziyiwe kwaye unyango lweziyobisi lusebenza ngakumbi. Ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo, i-biopsy yolusu okanye ukukrola ulusu kuyakwenziwa ukukhupha isampulu kunye nokwenza uvavanyo oluncinci. Iziphumo ziyaziwa kwimizuzu eli-15.
Olunye uvavanyo luneqhenqa elisikiweyo. Ugqirha uza kufaka isampulu engosuleliyo phantsi kolusu eya kuthi ihlolwe kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-28. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela abasabela ngayo, kuya kufuneka ukuvavanya imeko yeqhenqa.
Ifoto ethathwe kwiWikipedia
Unyango lokunyanga iqhenqa
Ngubani osele enikele inkqubela phambili yokuqala kwii-40s nge dapsone. Sele 60s baqalisa ukuphumeza i-rifampicin kunye ne-clofazimine kunye njengonyango lweziyobisi ezininzi (MMT). Olu hlobo lonyango lunikezelwa simahla yiWHO kubo bonke abaguli abaneqhenqa.
I-TMM ilawulwa ngeedosi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudityaniswa okungafaniyo kunye nonyaka ubuncinci, ukwandiswa ukuba kunyanzelekile. Yonke into iya kwenziwa kunye nokuphononongwa kunye uviwo ngokubanzi lomntu rhoqo ngonyaka, Kunye nesifundo se-bacteriological.
Iqhenqa xa linganyangwa kakuhle kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwimithambo yeminwe, izandla neenyawo. Phakathi kwale monakalo kunokuba buthathaka kwezihlunu, ukuba ndindisholo kwindawo kunye nokonakala. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwenziwa kwelinye lamalungu kuye kwaqhutywa. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba kwiimpawu zokuqala jonga ingcali ngokukhawuleza.