Impilo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi bomntu wonke kwaye kungoko kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo rhoqo ukuze kubonwe nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka ngexesha. Oku kwenzeka kuzo zonke iimeko, kodwa ngakumbi kubasetyhini abadla ngokuhlolwa ngonyango ebomini babo ngokunxulumene nemiba ye-gynecological. Ngaphaya kwempilo yokuzala kunye novavanyo lwegazi rhoqo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze i-pap smears kunye ne-mammograms ukusuka kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, njengoko ivumela iimeko ezahlukeneyo ukuba zibonwe kumanqanaba abo okuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokumalunga ne-mammograms kunye nokukhulelwa kuba ngenxa yeempawu zolu phando, kuyimfuneko ukwazi inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuze uthathe izilumkiso ezithile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuba awuzikhathaleli xa usabelana ngesondo. Njengakwi-x-reyi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze ezi zifundo xa uqinisekile ukuba awukhulelwanga. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukunyamekela impilo yakho kwaye uqhube izifundo ezihambelanayo, qhubeka ufunda ngezantsi ukuze ufumane ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga ne-mammography kunye nokukhulelwa.
Yenzelwe ntoni
Ukubaluleka kokwenza i-mammograms ukusuka kuloo minyaka kungenxa yokuba enkosi kolu vavanyo lomhlaza webele ubhaqwe kumanqanaba okuqala awo, ngamanye amaxesha unokubonwa kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba uvakalelwe nge-palpation. Ndiyabulela ekuziphendukeleni kweyeza lokukhusela kunye neteknoloji, namhlanje kukho uluhlu lwezifundo ezingezizo ezivumela iimeko ezithile ukuba zibonwe ngexesha lokuqhuba unyango.
Kwimeko ye-mammograms, luphononongo lwe-X-reyi lwebele olujonga iimpawu ezinokubakhona zomhlaza wamabele. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zemammogram, ukuxilongwa kunye nokuxilongwa. Eyokuqala icetyiswa ukuba yenziwe kanye ngonyaka ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30. Olu luphononongo olwenziwa kwabasetyhini abangabonisi zimpawu okanye iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele kwaye oluvumela ukuba kubekwe iliso rhoqo kwaye kubonwe nayiphi na ingxaki enokwenzeka kwangethuba ukuze unyango luqalise ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona iluphononongo olungaphazamisiyo, ukuhlolwa kwe-mammograms kuthwala imingcipheko ethile ngenxa yoxinzelelo olunokuthi lubangele. Imifanekiso inokutyhila ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinganxulumananga nomhlaza. Kwezi meko, izifundo ezohlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo ziyenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe uxilongo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimeko ezininzi apho abafazi baxhalabile kuphela emva kokufumanisa ukuba yonke into yayilungile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, luphononongo apho umfazi evezwe kwi-X-rays.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi kunye nokwenza udibaniso olufanelekileyo kunye nengcali ukuze wenze isigqibo sokuba ziya kwenziwa nini kwaye kaninzi kangakanani.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-mammography
Ukongeza ekuhloleni i-mammography, oko kukuthi, isifundo sesiqhelo kanye ngonyaka, kukwakho ne-mammograms yoxilongo, izifundo ezicetyiswayo xa ibhinqa lifumanisa iqhuma okanye ezinye iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nomhlaza wamabele. Iimpawu zinokubandakanya iintlungu zamabele, ukujiya kwesikhumba sebele, ukuphuma kwingono, okanye ukutshintsha kobukhulu okanye ukumila kwamabele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba uphethwe sesi sifo kuba kukho oonobangela abahlukeneyo abanokuchaphazela amabele.
Kule meko, i-mammography iyenziwa kwaye ihamba kunye nezinye iintlobo zeemvavanyo kunye nezifundo ukwenzela ukuba kufikelelwe ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu lowo uya kuthunyelwa kwingcali yamabele okanye kugqirha wotyando kuba iingcali zolu hlobo loxilongo.
Yenziwa njani
Ukulungiswa kwe-mammography kulula kakhulu, akuyimfuneko ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza angaphambili kwaye akuyimfuneko ukuzila ukutya njengoko kuhlolwe igazi. Impahla esetyenzisiweyo ingcono ukuba ikhululekile kwaye kulula ukuyisusa kuba kuya kufuneka ukuba ushiye isifuba esingenanto kwaye amaxwebhu amele athathwe ziingxelo zangaphambili ukuba zikhona.
Nangona i-mammography ingasebenzi, inokubangela ukungakhululeki. Ngexesha lokuyenza, owasetyhini kufuneka eme phambi komatshini weX-reyi Umntu othatha i-X-reyi uya kunika imiyalelo kwaye abeke umntu lowo ukuba akwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso. Uya kubeka amabele akho phakathi kweeplati ezimbini zeplastiki kwaye ucinezele kuzo ukuze uzibethelele imifanekiso ecacileyo. Yinkqubo ecaphukisayo kodwa ayibuhlungu kakhulu. Ingcali iya kunika imiyalelo kwaye iphakamise ukuba uhlale uthule kwaye ungaphefumli ukuze imifanekiso ibe semgangathweni. Iya kushukumisa umntu okwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo ukuba enze uthotho lokubanjwa.
Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, kuya kufuneka unxibe kwakhona kwaye ulinde iziphumo, eziza kufika kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki. I-mammogram yenziwe nge-x-reyi yamabele omabini ukusuka ngaphambili nasecaleni. Nje ukuba yenziwe, i-radiologist kunye nogqirha oyingcali baya kuhlalutya imifanekiso ukufumana iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wamabele okanye ezinye iingxaki.
Imammografi kunye nokukhulelwa
Nangona ezi zifundo ziqhelekileyo kwaye ziyingxenye yesicwangciso sokuthintela se-gynecologist nganye, xa ibhinqa likhulelwe okanye ukuba lingazinyamekeli, kucetyiswa ukuba ungenzi i-x-rays. Ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko ngokungqongqo, akukhuthazwa ukuba udlule kwi-X-ray ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwimeko yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, isizathu sokuba kufuneka bagwenywe sicacile. Kodwa kukwacetyiswa ukuba uyeke i-mammograms xa ukhangela umntwana kuba akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umfazi ukhulelwe. Kwezi meko, kuya kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uphononongo emva kokuthatha uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ekhaya ukuba kukho ixesha eliphosiweyo.
Xa ibhinqa likhulelwe, i-mammograms ayikhuthazwa ngexesha le-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Kwimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuyenza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-apron ekhokelayo ukuze ugweme ukuveza i-embryo kwi-X-rays Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha batusa ukuhlehlisa i-mammograms de kube emva kokubeletha okanye ubuncinane ukulinda de kube yi-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa. Emva kokubeleka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-mammogram ngaphandle kwengxaki, nokuba uncelisa.
Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha phambi kokukhulelwa okunokwenzeka okanye ukuba kukrokrelwa ukuba unokukhulelwa. Kwakhona kwimeko yokuziqhelanisa nokuncancisa. Ngokolwazi olufunyenweyo, ingcali iya kuvavanya imeko ukwenzela ukuba inqume ixesha elifanelekileyo lokwenza i-mammography, ukuphepha ingozi echaphazelekayo kuyo.
X-reyi kunye nokukhulelwa
Ngaphandle kokhathalelo olukhankanywe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kwi-mammograms ubuchule be-radiographic bunamandla aphantsi kwaye umthamo oza kuhlanjululwa umncinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba imitha esasazekileyo efikelela kusana olungekazalwa ayibalulekanga, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziindaba ezimnandi. Oku akuthethi ukuba kungcono ukuphepha naluphi na uhlobo lokuvezwa kwimeko yokuba nolwazi lokuba ukhulelwe. Kodwa kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi iinkcukacha ukwenzela ukuba ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ubonakaliswe kulolu hlobo lwesifundo, unokwenza ukubonisana okufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubanjiswa yinkxalabo. Nangona kucetyiswa ukuba ungenzi i-mammogram ekukhulelweni, ukuvezwa kwimitha echaphazelekayo kuyo.
Oku kwahlukile kwezinye iindidi zezifundo okanye iimviwo ezithi, ngokungafaniyo nolu, zifune ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwemveku kwimitha yemitha. Le yimeko yokuhlolwa kwesisu esisezantsi. Kule meko, ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa kwi-mammography, ukubonakaliswa kwimisebe kuqhutyelwa kwiindawo ezikude nommandla we-fetus. Oku kuthetha ukuba usana olungekazalwa alunakuvezwa kumtha othe ngqo wemitha yemitha kwaye luya kufumana iidosi zemitha ezisasazekileyo ezisezantsi kakhulu.
Iintlobo zezifundo
Kubalulekile ukubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kugqirha ukuze akwazi ukuvavanya imeko nganye kwaye athathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo. Naluphi na uphononongo lweX-reyi lubandakanya umngcipheko othile kwaye yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukulwenza kuphela ukuba luyimfuneko ngokungqongqo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ugqirha uya kuvavanya ithuba lokuhlehlisa uviwo, esebenzisa olunye uphando, njenge-ultrasound okanye i-ultrasound, ukuze afumane umphumo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvezwa imitha. Kwaye xa kwenzeka ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuhlehlisa isifundo, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuthathe amanyathelo akhethekileyo ukugcina umthamo we-fetus usezantsi kangangoko.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufikelela kuxilongo, unokukhetha ezinye iindlela ezifana ne-breast ultrasound, imaging resonance magnetic kunye ne-biopsies. Zontathu zikhuselekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuba nje umahluko ungenziwanga, njengoko unokuwela i-placenta. Kwimeko apho iziphumo azikho njengoko bekulindelekile, kusenokuqwalaselwa izifundo ezinzulu ngakumbi, kunye neemvavanyo ezifana nepositron emission tomography (PET), i-bone scans, ne-computed tomography (CT) scans, nangona kwezi meko ugqirha kufuneka ngononophelo. vavanya ukuba ingaba usana olungekazalwa luvezwe na okanye hayi kwimitha.
Eyahlukileyo yimeko yexesha eyenzeka emva kokubeleka nangexesha lokuncancisa. Ngeli xesha akukho ngxaki ekuqhubeni izifundo eziye zafumanisa ukuba i-X-rays kulolu hlobo lweemvavanyo zokuxilonga ayivelisi nayiphi na impembelelo kubisi lwebele. Oku kuthetha ukuba akuyimfuneko ukuyeka ukuncelisa xa kwenzeka ukuba i-mammogram iyimfuneko. Yintoni ebalulekileyo ukwazi ukuba ukuba akusiyo i-mammogram kodwa olunye uphando lwe-X-ray olubandakanya ukulawulwa kwezinto ezichaseneyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukubonisana nayo kwangaphambili. Ezi zinto zinokuthi zingahambelani nokuncancisa kwaye ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nogqirha ukugqiba indlela eya phambili.
Kubalulekile ukuba kubo bonke ubomi abafazi banoxanduva xa beqhuba ulawulo oluyimfuneko unyaka nonyaka ukuze bafumanise nayiphi na ingxaki enokwenzeka kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhulelwa lixesha elikhethekileyo kubasetyhini kwaye ngaphambi kokuqala naluphi na uphando kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ube nogqirha oqhuba ulandelelwano olupheleleyo lokukhulelwa kwaye ngubani oya kuba noxanduva lokunika imiyalelo eyimfuneko kwiinkqubo ekufuneka zilandelwe. Kwakhona ukuseka ishedyuli yezifundo zesiqhelo ukwenza. Kuphephe ukwenza izigqibo ngokwakho okanye ngokufunda oko ukufumene kwi-Intanethi, akukho lulandelelwano olungcono kunolo lunokwenziwa ngoogqirha abaziingcali, onokuthi ubathembe ukuze wena nomntwana nikhuseleke kwaye ngaphandle kokubhenca. ngokwakho kuyo nantoni na engeyomfuneko ngokungqongqo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhulelwe, thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko.