Iziphazamiso zokufunda ziimeko ezine a Umahluko phakathi kwamanqanaba okwenziwa komsebenzi ezifundweni namandla obuchule bokwenyani bokufunda kwisifundo.
Ngeengcebiso zikaGqr Alessandra Luci, isazi sezengqondo, isazi sengqondo kunye nengcali yentetho, ejongene neziko le-SOS dyslexia eFlorence, sifumanisa ukuba yintoni ubunzima bokufunda kunye nendlela yokuyiqonda.
Sinokubazi njani?
Bangamavila kwaye bayonqena. Yiba ubunzima bokufunda okanye ukubhala, unengxaki yokubala okanye uzibophelele iimpazamo xa uyalela kwaye unkqaye ialfabhethi kunye neetafile zokuphindaphinda. Phambi kwezi mpawu kuhle ukuba siqinisekise ukuba abantwana bethu abanazo ukukhubazeka kokufunda okuthile.
Rhoqo kakhulu -malunga ne-3/4% yabafundi besikolo abachaphazelekayo- i-DSA (isifinyezo esihlala sibonisa ngayo i-Dyslexia, i-dysgraphia, i-dysorthography kunye ne-dyscalculia) nangona zizibonakalisa ngokucacileyo, zihlala ziqhelekileyo. kujongelwe phantsi okanye kuphazanyiswe ngokungakhathali. Endaweni yoko, zingxaki zokwenyani nezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela izakhono ezithile ezinjengokufunda, ukubhala, nokubala.
igqitywe ngu ingxaki ye-neurobiological ezingachaphazeliyo ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokubanzi, azihambelani nokulibaziseka kwengqondo, kwaye zinokwenzeka zodwa okanye zidibene nabanye.
Masifumanise ngengcali zithini iiDSA?.
Zichaphazela njani iingxaki zokufunda?
Los iingxaki zokufunda ijongwa njengohlobo lokuphazamiseka uphuhliso. Iziphazamiso ze-Neurodevelopmental ziimeko ze-neurological ezithi kubonakala ebuntwaneni bokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphambi kokungena esikolweni. Ezi ziphazamiso ziphazamisa uphuhliso lomsebenzi wobuqu, wentlalontle, wezemfundo, kunye/okanye wobuchule kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ubunzima ekufumaneni, ukugcinwa, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono ezithile okanye iiseti zolwazi.
Basenokubandakanya utshintsho kwi ingqalelo, inkumbulo, ukuqonda, ulwimi, okanye ubudlelwane bentlalo. Ezinye iziphazamiso eziqhelekileyo ze-neurodevelopmental ziquka ukunqongophala kwengqalelo / i-hyperactivity syndrome, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autism spectrum, njl.
Ukuphazamiseka kokufunda okukodwa kuchaphazela amandla okwenza:
- ukuqonda okanye ukusebenzisa Ulwimi oluthethwayo.
- ukuqonda okanye ukusebenzisa i ulwimi olubhaliweyo.
- Qonda kwaye usebenzise manani kunye nokuqiqa kusetyenziswa iikhonsepthi zemathematika.
- Lungelelanisa i iintshukumo.
- gxila kwenye umsebenzi wasekhaya.
Kutheni kwenzeka?
Ukuphazamiseka kokufunda kunokuba cezelwe okanye efunyenweyo. Akukho sizathu sinye esichaziweyo, kodwa iintsilelo ze-neurological zicingelwa ukuba zibandakanyeka ukuba okanye ezinye izibonakaliso ze-neurological (okt, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokufunda) zikhona. Iimpembelelo zemfuza zidla ngokuthandatyuzwa. Ezinye izinto ezinokuba ngunobangela ziquka
- isifo sikamama okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuzala (umzekelo, ukubona amabala, i-toxemia, ukuzala ixesha elide, okanye ukubeleka ngokukhawuleza).
- iingxaki zokuzala (umzekelo, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ubunzima bokuzala, i-jaundice enzima, i-perinatal asphyxia, ukubeleka emva kwexesha lokuzala, ukuphefumla nzima)
Imiba yomngcipheko emva kokubeleka ibandakanya ukuvezwa kwityhefu yendalo esingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukukhokela), usulelo lwenkqubo ye-nervous central, i-malignancy kunye nonyango lwazo, ukwenzakala, ukungondleki, kunye nokuhlukaniswa okunzulu kwentlalo okanye ukunqongophala okuchaphazelekayo.
Iimpawu zoluphazamiseko kunye nento omawuyenze
SLDs bamele umngeni omkhulu wophuhliso onokuchaphazela kufunda yabantwana kwaye ikhokelele ekuphumeni kwangoko esikolweni.
Ziziphi ii-SLD kwaye zeziphi iingxaki ezibandakanya?
Idyslexia
Kungumqobo wokufunda ngaphandle kweempazamo kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana unobunzima bokuqonda oonobumba bealfabhethi, ekhumbula imbalelwano phakathi koonobumba kunye nezandi kwaye ukhawuleza ukwenza le nkqubo.
i-dysorthography
Ayibavumeli ukuba babhale ngokuchanekileyo. Kunzima kumntwana ukusebenzisa umgaqo wealfabhethi, ngokubhekiselele kuyo unobumba ngamnye uhambelana nesandi, njengoko kufundwa, khumbula kwaye usebenzise ngokuzenzekelayo imigaqo ye-orthographic (ukusetyenziswa kweCU okanye QU, ukusetyenziswa kwe-H, njl.) .
Dysgraphia
Eli licandelo legraphic-motor yokubhala. Ibangela into esiyibiza ngokuba "isandla esibi," kodwa kunye nokucotha okugqithisileyo ekubhaleni. Ukongezelela, i-dysgrapher idla ngokuphatha kakubi ipeni okanye ipensile, isebenzise kakubi indawo yephepha, inzima ukuzoba okanye ukukopisha imilo yejometri, kunye nokubeka amanani kwiikholomu.
dyscalculia
Ibandakanya ukungakwazi ukubala ukuya phambili kunye/okanye umva, ukufunda nokubhala amanani; kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ethile yamanani nokubala (umzekelo: 5 + 5 = 10), neyona ilula.
Yintoni esinokuyenza?
Iziphazamiso zokufunda zibandakanya ubunzima bokugxila okanye ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuphuhlisa ulwimi, okanye ukucubungula ulwazi olubonwayo noluvayo. Uxilongo lubandakanya uvandlakanyo lobukrelekrele, imfundo, ulwimi kunye nokutyibilika, uvandlakanyo lwezonyango nolwengqondo.
Unyango lubandakanya ikakhulu ulawulo lwemfundo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyango, ukuziphatha kunye nonyango ngokwasengqondweni.