Uphuhliso lwengqondo lubhekisa kwi indlela umntu abona ngayo, acinga ngayo, kwaye azuze ukuqonda ngehlabathi lakhe ngokusebenzisana kofuzo nezinto ezifundiweyo. Imiba yophuhliso lwengqondo ibandakanya ukusetyenzwa kolwazi, ubukrelekrele, ukuqiqa, uphuhliso lolwimi, kunye nenkumbulo.
Kwakukade kukholelwa ukuba iintsana azinawo amandla okucinga okanye okwakha iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo. Oko kukuthi, kwakucingwa ukuba bahlala bengenalwazi de bafunde ngolwimi. Ngoku iyaziwa loo nto Iintsana ziyazazi iindawo ezizingqongileyo kwaye zinomdla wokuphonononga ukususela ekuzalweni kwazo. Ukususela ekuzalweni, iintsana ziqala ukufunda ngenkuthalo. Baqokelela, bahlele kwaye basebenze ulwazi olubangqongileyo, besebenzisa idatha ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuqonda kunye nokucinga.
Ithiyori kaJean Piaget yoPhuhliso lwengqondo
Ithiyori kaJean Piaget yophuhliso lwengqondo icebisa ukuba abantwana badlula kumanqanaba amane awohlukeneyo okufunda. Ithiyori yakhe ayigxininisi ekuqondeni indlela abantwana abalufumana ngayo ulwazi, kodwa nasekuqondeni ubume bobulumko. Amanqanaba kaPiaget ngala:
- Inqanaba le-Sensorimotor, ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2.
- Inqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza, ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwi-7 iminyaka.
- Inqanaba lokusebenza lekhonkrithi, ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-11 iminyaka.
- Inqanaba lokusebenza ngokusesikweni, eliqala ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-12.
UPiaget wayekholelwa ukuba abantwana bathatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yokufunda., zisebenza njengoososayensi abancinane njengoko zisenza amalinge, zihlola, yaye zifunda ngehlabathi. Njengoko abantwana benxibelelana nehlabathi elibangqongileyo, bathe gqolo besongeza ulwazi olutsha, bakhela kulwazi olusele lukhona, kwaye bahlengahlengise iingcamango ebekade benazo ngaphambili ukuze zivumelane nolwazi olutsha.
Inqanaba le-sensorimotor
Ngeli nqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwengqondo, iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci ukufumana ulwazi ngokusebenzisa amava ovakalelo kunye nokuguqula izinto. Onke amava omntwana kwasekuqaleni kweli nqanaba enzeka ngokusebenzisa ireflexes esisiseko, iimvakalelo, kunye neempendulo zeemoto.
El ukukhula kwengqondo okwenzekayo ngeli xesha kwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane ngentelekiso yaye kubandakanya ukukhula okukhulu. Abantwana abafundi nje ukwenza izinto zomzimba ezifana nokukhasa nokuhamba, bafunda lukhulu nangolwimi lwabantu abanxibelelana nabo.
Inqanaba langaphambi kokusebenza
Iziseko zophuhliso lolwimi zisenokuba zibekwe ngexesha langaphambili, kodwa inkangeleko yolwimi sesinye sezona ziganeko ziphambili kwisigaba sangaphambi kokusebenza uphuhliso. Kweli nqanaba, abantwana bafunda ngokuzenzisa, kodwa basasokola ngengqiqo kunye neembono zabanye abantu. Bahlala benobunzima bokuqonda umbono wokuzingisa.
Abantwana baba nobuchule ngakumbi kumdlalo wokuzenzisa ngeli xesha lophuhliso, kodwa qhubeka ucinga ngokuthe ngqo ngehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Baqala ukucinga ngokomfuziselo baze bafunde ukusebenzisa amagama nemifanekiso ukumela izinto. Batyekele ekucingeni iziqu zabo baze bazame ukujonga izinto ngokwembono yabanye.
Inqanaba lokusebenza elithile
Nangona abantwana basesekhonkrithi kwaye bengokoqobo ekucingeni kwabo ngeli xesha lophuhliso, baba nobuchule ngakumbi bokusebenzisa ingqiqo. Ukuzingca kwenqanaba langaphambili kuqalisa ukuncipha njengoko abantwana befunda ukucinga ngendlela abanye abantu abanokuyijonga ngayo imeko. Nangona ukucinga kuya kuba nengqiqo ngakumbi ngexesha lekhonkrithi yokusebenza, kunokuba ngqongqo kakhulu. Abantwana kweli nqanaba lokukhula bathanda ukuba nobunzima kwiikhonsepthi ezingabonakaliyo kunye neengqikelelo.
Ngeli nqanaba, abantwana nabo baye bangazicingeli kakhulu kwaye baqalise ukucinga ngendlela abanye abantu abanokucinga ngayo kwaye bazive ngayo. Abantwana abakwinqanaba lokusebenza lekhonkrithi nabo baqala ukuqonda ukuba iingcinga zabo zahlukile kubo kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu owabelana ngeengcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nezimvo zabo.
Inqanaba lokusebenza ngokusesikweni
Inqanaba lokugqibela lethiyori kaPiaget libandakanya ukwanda kwengqiqo, Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqiqa okuthobayo kunye nokuqonda iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo. Ngeli xesha, ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abancinci bayakwazi ukubona izisombululo ezininzi ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiingxaki kwaye bacinge ngakumbi ngokwesayensi malunga nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ukukwazi ukucinga malunga neengcamango ezingabonakaliyo kunye neemeko luphawu oluphambili lwenqanaba lokusebenza ngokusesikweni lophuhliso lwengqondo. Ukukwazi ukucwangcisa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwikamva kunye nokuqiqa malunga nokuba iimeko-ukuba iimeko zikwayizakhono ezibalulekileyo ezivelayo ngeli nqanaba.