Mva nje zininzi izinto ezithethwayo malunga nokubekwa ngokwesivumelwano okanye ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu, kuba uninzi lwabantu abadumileyo babhenele kule ndlela ukuze babe ngabazali. Kwamanye amazwe kusemthethweni kanti kwamanye akukho mthethweni, njengakwilizwe lethu. Kukho ingxoxo enkulu yokuziphatha evulekileyo apho singayi kungena apha. Sifuna ukukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba Ukumitha umama kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.
Yintoni ukumitha umntwana wabanye abantu?
Inomfazi ophethe ukukhulelwa, kodwa umntwana azomzala ayingowakhe Endaweni yoko, zezabanye abazali bobabini bemfuza nangokomthetho. Olukhetho lukhona kwamanye amazwe kubantu abatshatileyo abangakwaziyo ukuba ngabazali ngenye indlela, ngenxa yokukhubazeka okomzimba okwahlukileyo okanye izibini ezitshatileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzalelwa kwisivumelwano.
- Ngokuzithandela. Kungenziwa ngokuzithandela, apho kungekho sivumelwano sezoqoqosho nomama ophetheyo (kuphela yinxalenye yeendleko ezinje ngeendleko zonyango nezomthetho ezinokubangela). Akukho sizathu senzuzo.
- Ngoncedo. Xa kukho isivumelwano sentengiso kunye nomama okhulelweyo. Sesona siqhelo, kufikelelwa kwisivumelwano kwezoqoqosho kunye nowasetyhini oza kuthwala umntwana. Aba bafazi bahlala besebenza neearhente ezikhethekileyo.
Elinye lamazwe apho le ndlela isemthethweni eMelika, apho ihlala ixabisa phakathi kwe- $ 90.000 kunye ne- $ 140.000. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu laseMelika, izibini ezininzi ziya kwamanye amazwe anjengeRashiya, iUkraine okanye iIndiya apho inokubiza phakathi kwama- $ 22.000 nama- $ 35.000.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo
Inokuqhutywa ngeendlela ezi-2:
- Yesintu. Umama okhulelweyo uzisa iqanda lakheKodwa isidoda sivela kumzali ocela ukumela umntwana okanye umnikeli. Inkqubo yokufakwa ngamadlozi okungeyiyo okanye kwi-vitro fertilization ihlala isetyenziswa. Zimbalwa kwaye zimbalwa iimeko ezinje, eyokuqala kuba umthetho wamazwe amaninzi uthintela umama ozayo kunye nomnikeli weqanda ekubeni angabi ngumntu omnye. Kwaye okwesibini ukunciphisa ikhonkco phakathi kukamama okhulelweyo nosana.
- Isini. Kuxa iqanda kunye nesidoda zihanjiswa sisibini esicela i-surrogacy okanye xa kukho imfuneko ngabaxhasi. Kwezi meko umfazi okhulelweyo akanalo ulwalamano lofuzo nosana. Kule meko, kwenziwa nge-vitro fertilization, apho iqanda elichumileyo lenziwa ngaphandle komzimba womfazi, elebhu. Yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu.
Iinkalo zomthetho zokumitha
- Ukumiselwa ngokusemthethweni okanye hayi ngokwesivumelwano. Yiseti yemithetho evumela okanye engalwenzi olu hlobo lwesivumelwano. Njengoko sele sibonile ngaphambili, amanye amazwe asemthethweni nangona uninzi kungenjalo. Naphi na apho ikhoyo, nganye inemfuno zayo zomthetho ukuze ikwazi ukuyenza. EYurophu kunjalo thintelo kumazwe amaninzi afana IFransi, i-Itali, iSweden, iJamani neSwitzerland. E-Spain obu buchule abuvumelekanga. Kwelinye icala, kunjalo kuvunyelwe ngemiyinge ngaphakathi IPortugal, iGrisi, iunited Kingdom, iBelgium neNetherlands. ENetherlands naseBelgium inokwenziwa kuphela ngokuzithandela, kwaye ilizwe ngalinye lineemfuno zalo ezithile zokwenza ukuba kwenzeke.
- Ukubhaliswa kwerejista yobuntu yosana. Amazwe awenze ngokusemthethweni lo mkhuba aquka ukubhaliswa kwerejista yobuntu yosana njengomntwana wabazali abaqalise iinkqubo. Amanye amazwe anokungakuvumeli oko, ke iinkqubo zomthetho kuya kufuneka ziqalisiwe ukwamkela ubuzali. Y kwamanye amazwe avunyelwe ukuba angawala xa esi sibini sivela kwilizwe apho kungekho semthethweni.
Imiba yokuziphatha
Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba lithuba lezibini ezininzi ukuba indalo ayivumeli ukuba babe ngabazali, bafeze iphupha labo kwaye abanye bakhokele ekuxhatshazweni kwabasetyhini ngakumbi kumazwe asezantsi lesithathu ngokungathi ziifama zabantwana. Yeyona ndlela inzima kakhulu yokuzala ngokwasemthethweni nangokokuziphathaNamaqela ezopolitiko ayayisebenzisa kwimikhankaso yawo. Apha impikiswano iyenziwa.