Kuqhelekile ukuva malunga neNtsholongwane yePapilloma Virus. Yintoni egqithisile, okwexeshana, ugonyo oluchasene neHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV) lubandakanyiwe kwishedyuli yokugonya.
Nangona kukho ulwazi olwaneleyo ngalo mbandela, ngamanye amaxesha asazi ukuba singajongana njani nawo kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ibe yinto engenamsebenzi okanye sizikhathaze ngokugqithileyo, sicinge ukuba emva kolu suleleko ikamva lethu aliqinisekanga okanye ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuba nomhlaza. . Kodwa ngaba ukuphatha i-HPV kuthetha ukuba siza kuba nomhlaza? Ngaba siyayazi yonke into malunga ne-HPV? Siza kuzama ukucacisa amathandabuzo akho.
Yintoni i-HPV
Akukho nanye i-papillomavirus yabantu. Liqela leentsholongwane ezinxulumene ne-150. Nganye kwezi ntlobo ze-HPV ibizwa ngegama.
Abanye Iindidi ezi-40 ziyakwazi ukubangela izifo ebantwini.
Eli qela likhulu leentsholongwane libizwa ngokuba yipapilloma kuba iintlobo ezininzi ze-HPV zibangela iintsumpa okanye iipapilloma. Ezinye, eziyingozi kakhulu zinokubangela umhlaza. Owona mhlaza uqhelekileyo wesibeleko.
Usulelo lwe-HPV luthathwa njengesona sifo sesondo. I-HPV ixhaphake kangangokuba phantse bonke abantu ababelana ngesondo bayayifumana ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.
Ngaba kunokubangela nawuphi na umhlaza?
Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala kuphela kwiiseli ezithile zomzimba wethu. Ezi ziiseli ezifumaneka kulusu nakwiindawo ezifumileyo, ezinje nge yetyhefu.
- Ubufazi, i-anus, umlomo wesibeleko, i-vulva (indawo engaphandle kwelungu lobufazi)
- Ingaphakathi lejwabu kunye ne-urethra yelungu lobudoda
- Ingaphakathi lempumlo, umlomo nomqala
- I-trachea kunye ne-bronchi
I-75% yeentsholongwane ze-HPV zibizwa ngokuba zii-cutaneous ngenxa yokuba zibangela iintsumpa eziqhelekileyo kulusu lwethu. Iingalo, isifuba, izandla okanye iinyawo ziindawo eziqhelekileyo. Ezi ntsholongwane azidluliswanga ngesondo.
Ezinye ziintsholongwane ezihlala kwiimbumba ezinomqolo. Zezi ke ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo kwaye zibangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini okanye iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini
Ngaphakathi koku iqela lentsholongwane siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwabanye ababini
- I-HPV esemngciphekweni. Ezi ntsholongwane azibangeli mhlaza kodwa zinokubangela iintsumpa (condylomas) kwizitho zangasese, ezimpundu, emlonyeni nasemqaleni.. Ngaphakathi kweli qela kukho iintlobo ze-HPV 6 kunye ne-11, ezinoxanduva lwe-90% yazo zonke iintsumpa. Kwaye zinokubangela ezi zilonda kumatshini wokuphefumla.
- Umngcipheko ophezulu weHPV. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokubangela umhlaza. Zimalunga ne-18 iintlobo ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezichongiweyo. Phakathi kwabo Iindidi ze-HPV 16 no-18 ezinoxanduva lomhlaza omninzi obangelwa yi-HPV.
Uhanjiswa njani
Yintsholongwane eyosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo. Usulelo luyinto elula kwaye rhoqo. Nabani na owabelana ngesondo angafumana intsholongwane kaGawulayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba uninzi lwabantu ababelana ngesondo bayayifumana intsholongwane kwakamsinya emva kokuba neentlobano zesini ziqalile. Okukhona amaqabane esabelana naye ngesondo engaphezulu, kokukhona kunokwenzeka umngcipheko wosulelo.
I-papillomavirus yomntu yesini isasazeka ikakhulu ngokudibana ngqo kolusu nolusu ngexesha lesini sangasese, ngomlomo, okanye ngesondo. Ayisasazeki ngegazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba.
Ukudibana ngokwesondo, nokuba ungabelani ngesondo naye, umntu osulelekileyo kwanele ukuba bosulelwe. Kwaye kunokuba kunjalo Ukudibana nomntu osulelekileyo kwenzeka kudala ngaphambi kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo okanye kuvele izilonda.
Uninzi lwabantu abaphethe intsholongwane abayazi.
Ngaba zikhona izinto ezinobungozi?
Kuqwalaselwa ukuba zininzi Imiba yengozi ukufumana usulelo.
- Unamaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo. Ngokwe- kufunda ICandelo loMphathiswa Wezempilo, Iinkonzo Zoluntu Nokulingana (msssi) "Ngelixa ukuxhaphaka kwe-HPV kwabasetyhini abathandana bodwa yi-8,9%, eyabafazi abathumela amaqabane alishumi okanye nangaphezulu ngama-10%"
- Ukuba neqabane elinamaqabane amaninzi
- Yiba phantsi kweminyaka eyi-25
- Qala ukulala ngesondo esemncinci. Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-16, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini.
- Umsi wecuba.
- Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.
- Emadodeni, into ekhuselayo enciphisa ukusuleleka lulwaluko. Usulelo lukhulu kakhulu kumadoda angenjalo.
Ngaba isifo sinokuthintelwa? Ungakuthintela njani ukusasazeka kwayo
Kubantu ababelana ngesondo ukuphepha usulelo kunzima kakhulu. Ukunciphisa inani lethu kunye namaqabane ethu ezesondo sinciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
Iminyaka yokuqalisa kokwabelana ngesondo nayo yinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, kokuya kuncipha kweminyaka yokuqalisa, kokukhona umngcipheko wokufumana ulosuleleko.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwekhondom kuyancipha, nangona kungakuthinteli ukosuleleka. Nokuba usebenzisa ikhondom, kukho iindawo ezingayi kugqunywa kwaye zinokudlulisela intsholongwane.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ikhondom entsha kwisenzo ngasinye sesini. Kufuneka ihlale ibekwe phambi kwayo nayiphi na into edibanayo nendawo yesini okanye yangasese kwaye igcinwe kude kube kugqityiwe ukulala ngesondo.
Ugonyo Ngokukodwa xa oku kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesondo.
Unalo unyango?
Usulelo lwePapillomavirus yabantu, xa kungekho zilonda, okwangoku akukho nyango. Ulandelelwaniso luhlala lwenziwa ukukhangela kwangethuba ukwenzakala okunokubangela.
Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba intsholongwane ibangele isifo somhlaza, iingcali ziqikelela phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Kwiimeko ezininzi ezethu into ephilayo Iyakwazi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuphelisa intsholongwane uqobo.
Amathumba okanye iintsumpa eziveliswe yi-HPV zinonyango, oluya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisilonda esivelisiweyo.
Iindidi zomhlaza ezinokubangela
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Isenokuba yeyona inolwalamano olukhulu ne-HPV. Phantse yonke imihlaza yomlomo wesibeleko ibangelwa yi-HPV.
- Umhlaza weVulvar Ngaphantsi kakhulu kunesibeleko.
- Umhlaza welungu lobufazi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba I-9 ye-10 nganye Umhlaza welungu lobufazi ubangelwa yi-HPV
- Umhlaza wePenile Ukuhlala rhoqo kwizibini ezitshatileyo.
- Umhlaza womhlaza Bobabini nabasetyhini. Phantse zonke iimeko zomhlaza wangasemva zibangelwa yi-HPV.
- Umhlaza womlomo nomqala. Uninzi lwee-cancer zomva womqala, kubandakanya isiseko solwimi kunye neetoni, zinxulumene ne-HPV. Ezi zezomhlaza zixhaphake kwi-HPV emadodeni.
Ngaba unayo iimpawu?
Usulelo lwe-HPV alunazo iimpawu ngaphandle kokuba lubangela ukwenzakala.
Ingabonakala Iintsumpa kwilungu lobufazi, ezimpundu okanye ezomlomo.
Ukuba ibangela ukwenzakala kumlomo wesibeleko ekuqaleni, akukho zimpawu zinokuvela. Ukuba ukwenzakala komlomo wesibeleko kuya kusiba mandundu, kunokuba njalo ukuvela:
- Ukuphumelela ngokungaqhelekanga ukopha kwilungu lobufazi (phakathi kwexesha lokuya exesheni) okanye ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi emva kokuba ubelane ngesondo. Ezi ziimpawu ezinokusikhokela kakhulu ekonzakaleni komlomo wesibeleko.
- umqolo, umlenze, okanye iintlungu zangasese
- ukudinwa, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukungafuni ukutya
- ukungonwabi kwilungu lobufazi okanye incindi yelungu lobufazi
Kufunyaniswa njani?
Kukho kuphela uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwe-HPV yomlomo wesibeleko. Ngamanye amagama, akukho luvavanyo lungqinisisiweyo lokuchonga xa umntu ephethe intsholongwane.
I-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko yenziwa kwiscreen somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye ifidi kathathu (ekwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwePap).
I-WHO icebisa ukuba bonke abantu basetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-49 benze iimvavanyo zePap.
Kwilizwe lethu, Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezempilo, Iinkonzo Zoluntu Nokulingana licebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuhlola (cytology yomlomo wesibeleko) kubo bonke abasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nama-65, benesithuba esiphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-5. Nangona uLuntu ngalunye oluzimeleyo lunokuzisa utshintsho oluthile.
Zikhona izitofu zokugonya
Okwangoku zimbini izitofu ze-HPV.
KwiGardasil® isitofu sokugonya quadrivalent. Ikhusela kwiintlobo ze-HPV 6/11/16 kunye ne-18. Zezona ntlobo zibangela iimeko ezininzi zeentsumpa kumalungu esini kunye nomhlaza.
ICervarix® isitofu sokugonya esingafaniyo. Ikhusela kwi-HPV ye-16 neye-18, ebangela uninzi lomhlaza.
Omabini la machiza enza imizimba yethu yenza ukungakhuseleki kwezi ntlobo ze-HPV, kodwa kukwakhona into ebizwa ngokuba "kukuzikhusela komzimba". Olu hlobo lokhuselo lwenza ukuba abantu abagonyiweyo bakhuseleke nakwezinye iintlobo ze-HPV.
Omabini la machiza agunyazisiwe kwaye afakiwe kwishedyuli yokugonya. Ukugonywa kwenziwa kumantombazana.
Ngokutsho koLuntu oluZimeleyo, ugonyo lwenziwa kunye okanye enye.
IGardasil® inokusetyenziswa kwakhona abesilisa.
Iingcebiso ze-WHO
I-WHO icebisa ugonyo kuwo onke amantombazana aneminyaka eli-9 ubudala. Ngokufanelekileyo, goma ngaphambi kokuqala kwesondoNgale ndlela, le ntombazana ayikwazanga ukuyifumana nokuba kungaluphi na uhlobo lwe-HPV.
Ukuba ugonyiwe ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-15, iidosi ezimbini zanele. Ngokufanelekileyo, ixesha eliphakathi kweedosi ezimbini akufuneki lidlule kwiminyaka eyi-12/15.
Kubantu abangaphantsi kokuxinezeleka komzimba kunye nangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala, iyeza lokucebisa liyacetyiswa. Kule meko, iidosi ezintathu ziyafuneka ukukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo.
Njengomzekelo ndikushiya neengcebiso zokugonywa kwi Uluntu lwaseMadrid:
Ugonyo kwiminyaka eli-12. Amayeza amabini okugonya, anethuba leenyanga ezi-6.
Ukugonywa kwiminyaka eli-14 yamantombazana angazange agonywe ngaphambili. Isikhokelo sikwadosi ezimbini kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Ngokufanelekileyo, iidosi ezimbini kufuneka zibekwe kwisithuba sonyaka omnye
Ngaba iyeza lokugonya lineziphumo ezibi?
Njengazo zonke izitofu zokugonya, ayixolelwanga kwiziphumo ezibi. Yonke i iiklasi Kule meko, bafikelele kwisigqibo se iimpendulo ezimbi zinqabile kwaye zifuna ukuba izibonelelo zingaphezulu komngcipheko. Yiyo loo nto imvumelwano yoluntu lwenzululwazi ukucebisa ngokugonya.
Indlela abasabela ngayo ezixhaphakileyo zezo zenzeka ekuhlaleni kwindawo yenaliti. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuba kubonakala ubomvu, iintlungu kunye nokudumba okuthile. Banokuthi nabo bahlupheke kwi-syncope okanye utywala.
Ngaba isitofu sokugonya sinokuphikiswa?
Ewe. Xa kwidosi yokuqala kwenzeka into engalunganga okanye intombazana ine-aleji kuwo nawaphi na amacandelo okugonya okanye inesifo echasene nokugonywa. Kule meko, ugqirha kufuneka aziswe ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nogonyo.