Yintoni iyantlukwano esebenzayo? Eli gama linikwa iseti yeengxaki okanye iimeko ezinokuthintela ubomi bemihla ngemihla benkwenkwe okanye intombazana. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ukukhubazeka okusebenzayo kuchaza abo baneengxaki ezichaphazela ukwakheka komzimba kunye ukusikelwa umda kokwenza iintshukumo zemihla ngemihla okanye ukugcina ubudlelwane phakathi kwabahlobo. Ngenxa yobubanzi bayo, sikwathetha ngayo iintlobo zokwahluka okusebenzayo, kuba eli gama liquka iimeko ezininzi.
Igama iyantlukwano esebenzayo ithatha indawo yento eyayisaziwa ngaphambili 'njengokukhubazeka'. Lixesha elingoku eliqulathe iseti yeengxaki kunye neemeko kodwa indawo yokuqala kuyo yahluke kakhulu. Eli xesha namhlanje lamkelwe ngokwasentlalweni. Okanye, njengoko abanye besitsho, ligama "elichanekileyo kwezopolitiko" ukubhekisa kwinto eyayisaziwa njenge "ngaphambili."ukukhubazeka«. Ukwahluka okusebenzayo kunika inkangeleko yedemokhrasi kunye nokulingana. Igama ukwahluka libhekisa kubuntu bomntu ngamnye. Okwangoku, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka" lithetha "ukusilela" ngokunxulumene "nokuqheleka" okuthile, into esele iphelelwe lixesha.
Masithethe ngokwahluka okusebenzayo
Ngaphandle kwe iintlobo zokwahluka okusebenzayo, Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba lo mbono ujongene nezinto ezintathu eziphambili. Kwelinye icala, ukusilela, Oko kukuthi, ukulahleka kwesakhiwo okanye umsebenzi, nokuba kungokwengqondo okanye komzimba. Kwelinye icala, kukho ukukhubazeka, Oko kukuthi, ukuthintelwa okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi othile. Okokugqibela, kukho ukukhubazeka, kulapho umntu athi azise imeko engeloncedo ngenxa yokusilela okanye ukukhubazeka okuchaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ukusuka kwezi zinto, kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iintlobo zokwahluka okusebenzayo, ezinokwahluka kakhulu komnye komnye ngokokuchaphazelekayo. Yiyo loo nto ikho Iindidi ze-5 zokwahluka okusebenzayo: iimoto, ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, ezengqondo kunye nezengqondo, kunye nezinto ezininzi.
Iindidi zokwahluka okusebenzayo
Kunzima ukusiqonda ngokupheleleyo esi sihloko ukuba asikhankanyi eyahlukileyo iintlobo zokwahluka okusebenzayo kuba nganye yazo ithetha imiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo. Umzimba okanye imoto ithetha ukukhubazeka komzimba okuthintela okanye okuthintela ukusebenza kweentshukumo ezithile, ezinje ngokuhamba, ukuphatha izinto kunye nokuphefumla. Isenokuba ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiingxaki zamathambo okanye izihlunu ukuya kwiingozi. Njengomphumo weengxaki ezithile kwi-motor cortex. Inkqubo ye- iyantlukwano yokusebenza kweemoto kuqhelekile kubantwana abane-multiple sclerosis, ukulimala kwethambo lomqolo, i-spina bifida, i-cerebral palsy, i-muscular dystonia kunye ne-achondroplasia
La iyantlukwano yokusebenza ebonakalayo kubandakanya zombini ukungaboni kunye neengxaki zokubona kakuhle. Kubandakanya abantwana abane-cataract, strabismus, ukudumba kwamehlo, njl. Kuxhomekeke kubukrakra, kunokuba yingxaki ukuphuhlisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Inkqubo ye- iyantlukwano ukuva Inxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokuva okanye ubunzima, into enokuba nobulali kakhulu kwaye ingabuchaphazeli ubomi bemihla ngemihla okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, isithulu.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, zombini umbono kunye neengxaki zokuva zinokukhokelela kukuphazamiseka kokufunda. Ngaphandle kokulahleka kwendlebe, kunokubakho ukungaboni kakuhle okuchaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, into, umzekelo, eyenzekayo xa kuphuhliswa imeko. Ukuba umntwana akeva kakuhle, baya kuba nobunzima obukhulu ekufumaneni nasekuqondeni ulwimi.
Intellectual kunye ne-multisensory esebenzayo iyantlukwano
La iyantlukwano yokusebenza kwengqondo Luhlobo lwesine kwaye luchaza abo bantu baneengxaki zengqondo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwabo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Xa kuvela ubunzima bokuqonda, sithetha ngokukhubazeka. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba sithethe "ukukhubazeka kwengqondo", iingxaki zokuziqhelanisa namhlanje kunye nobunzima bokufunda zibhekisa kukwahluka ngokwengqondo kunye nengqondo.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokuchaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Imizekelo yale meko yi-Down Syndrome. Ukwahluka kwengqondo kubhekisa kubukrelekrele, ngelixa iyantlukwano yengqondo ibhekisa kunxibelelwano kunye nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo okuchaphazela indlela yokuziphatha eguqukayo kodwa kunganxulunyaniswa nobukrelekrele. Yiyo imeko yesifo esiyibipolar okanye i-schizophrenia.
Okokugqibela, kukho iyantlukwano emininzi igubungela abantu abaneengxaki zokuva nokubona. I-Usher syndrome yaziwa kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya abantwana abazelwe benengxaki zokuvalelwa nabaphulukana nokubona ebusheni babo.