Ukungeva ebantwaneni kunokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezimbini: kukho abantwana abazalwa benamazinga athile okuphulukana nokuva kwaye abanye bakhulisa ukulahleka kokuva okanye isithulu ekukhuleni kwabo. Malunga ne-2 yabantwana kwi-1000 nganye sele ikho bazalwa benengxaki yokuva.
Izithulu zenzeka xa zombini okanye iindlebe zombini azisebenzi ngokwesiqhelo. Ukuze ukwazi ukufikelela kweli tyala kuxa amanye amalungu endlebe, omabini aphakathi, angaphandle okanye angaphakathi, inkqubo yokuva okanye imithambo-luvo azisebenzi kakuhle.
Kwenzeka nini ukuba sisithulu ebantwaneni?
Ezinye ze ukuba sisithulu kukuzalwa kwaye zenzekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa. Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ezinobunzima obuphantsi, xa bekukho i-meningitis. Kulabo bazalwa benesiphene okanye ngoomama abakhulelweyo abosuleleke ngerubella, toxoplasmosis okanye icytomegalovirus. Ngamanye amaxesha kwaye kuma-60% amatyala okungeva kwabantwana inemvelaphi yemfuza.
Uninzi loogqirha babantwana kuvavanyo lokuqala bacela abazali ukuba benze njalo kuvavanyeni indlela iintsana eziziphethe ngayo kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi. Ukuqwalaselwa kuya kubandakanya ukwazi ukuba basabela kakuhle kwingxolo, kukothuka, bavuka xa kukho izandi okanye ukuba bahoye amazwi abazali.
Umntwana oneenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-9 ubudala nika izalathiso ezaneleyo ukuba uva izandi kwaye uzikhangele ngentloko kwaye ehambisa umzimba. Ukuba abazali barhanela ukuba akaphenduli, banokumsa kwi-ENT ukuze kuvavanywe unobangela.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokungeva kwabantwana
Kwiintsana Kunzima ukumisela njengoko zincinci kakhulu ukuba zinokuvavanya le meko inokwenzeka. Njengesiqhelo Amaxesha amaninzi bothusa ingxolo yomelele kwaye isukela kwiinyanga ezi-6 Sele bejikile iintloko phambi kwengxolo. Kule minyaka, kufuneka enze izandi kunye nokubhabha, kodwa ukuba akenzi njalo okanye asabele kwingxolo, iya kuba luphawu lokuba unengxaki yokuva.
Kwiinyanga ezi-12 Kufuneka uve izandi ezilula kwaye basabele nakwingxolo enkulu njengenkqonkqozo emnyango. Kuya kufuneka uqale nokuthetha amagama alula afana no "mama" okanye "utata." Kwiinyanga ezili-15 kufuneka ulazi igama lakho xa ubizwa kwaye uphendule ngokushukumisa intloko yakho kule fowuni.
Ukusuka kwiinyanga ezingama-36 sele beqalisile ukuthetha amagama nkqu ukwenza amabinzana amancinci, Ukuba ayinakukwazi ukukhupha amagama kunye nokukrokrela ukuba iva ezinye izandi, bubungqina bokuba ayiva kakuhle.
Abantwana ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-4 ubudala Kwaye baqala isikolo banokuba neengxaki zokufunda kwaye kunokufunyanwa ukuba babe nokungeva kakuhle. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ukuba bathetha ngokuchanekileyo, nokuba balandela yonke into abayifundileyo kunye nemiyalelo yabo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba abaqhubeki besithi "yintoni?" okanye baphakamise umthamo wezixhobo kakhulu.
Uvavanyo lokuchonga imeko enokwenzeka
Iintsana zinokuvavanywa Ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi, Kwisibhedlele esinye esinomlinganiso wokuva. Ukuba omncinci akaphumeleli kuvavanyo lovavanyo, uya kuthunyelwa kolunye uvavanyo phambi kokuba abe neenyanga ezintathu ubudala. Uvavanyo lokuva iya kubandakanya ukuhlolwa: okwethutyana ii-acoustic otoemissions (OEAT) kunye nezinto ezinokubakho ngokuzenzekelayo (PEATCa).
Abantwana kuvavanyo lwabo kufuneka bavavanywe phambi kokuba bangene esikolweni ukuze kungabikho zingxaki ekufundeni kwabo. Ukuba uvavanyo alupasanga, olunye uvavanyo luya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.
Unyango kunye neendlela zongenelelo
Ukuba uvavanyo lusekuqaleni zininzi iindlela zokunceda yenza unyango olusebenzayo nolungagungqiyo. Isikolo siza kuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwabo oluhle, kukho imibutho yabangevayo enika eyona nkxaso yabo ilungileyo kunye noncedo lonyango lokuthetha.
Olunye unyango lunokubekwa izixhobo zokuva kunye nezinto ezifakwe kwi-cochlear, Izinto ezincedayo ngohlobo lonxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisa intetho yezandla okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza athile. Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso yosapho kunye noncedo zahluke kakhulu, kuya kufuneka yenza iimvavanyo zokuva ngokukhawuleza ukuze umntwana akhule ngokuchanekileyo nangokuhambelana nabanye abantwana.