I-zygote yi ukumanyana kweqanda nedlozi. Ikwaziwa njengeqanda eliqhame. Izygote iqala njengeseli enye kodwa yohlukana ngokukhawuleza kwiintsuku ezisemva kokuqhama. Iseli enye ye-zygote iqulethe i-chromosomes efunekayo ye-46, ifumana i-23 kwi-sperm kunye ne-23 ukusuka kwiqanda.
Isigaba se-zygote sifutshane kwaye ihlala malunga neentsuku ezine. Malunga nosuku lwesihlanu, ubunzima beeseli baziwa ngokuba yiblastocyst. I-embryo ikhula kule blastocyst.
Zenziwa njani ii-zygotes?
Ukuze abantu ababini bavelise kwakhona, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba i-sperm enye ingene kumphezulu ongaphandle weqanda ngexesha lokuzala. Ngexesha lokuzala okunempilo, iqanda elinye liyakhululwa kwi-follicle ukuya kwi-fallopian tube ngexesha le-ovulation. Ukuba amadlozi akhona, amawaka azama ukugqobhoza kweli qanda linye. Xa idlozi ligqobhoza kumphezulu ongaphandle, kwakheka i-zygote. Ukutshintsha kweekhemikhali kumphezulu weqanda kuthintela enye idlozi ukuba lingangeni kulo. kwakhona
Ukuchumisa ngoncedo lwezonyango nako kunokwenzeka, kwaye, enyanisweni, kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi. I-intrauterine insemination kunye ne-in vitro fertilization zezona ndlela zimbini zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuncediseni ukuzala.. Ngethuba lokufakwa kwe-intrauterine, i-semen ifakwe kwisibeleko nge-catheter kwaye ukuchumisa kwenzeka ngaphakathi komzimba. Ne ukuchumisa in vitro, amaqanda akhutshwa kwi-ovari aze aqhanyelwe kwi-laboratory. Emva koko i-blastocyst ifakelwa kwisibeleko.
Ukusuka kwi-zygote ukuya kwi-embryo
Ii-zygotes zahlula-hlula ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mitosis, apho iseli nganye iphinda-phinda. Eli nqanaba leeveki ezimbini laziwa njengexesha lokukhula kwentsholongwane kwaye lihamba ukusuka ekuqhameni ukuya ekufakweni kwe-blastocyst kwisibeleko. I-sperm cell iqulethe ulwazi lofuzo lukayise, ngelixa iseli yeqanda iqulethe ulwazi lwezofuzo lukamama.. Ngenxa yokuba iseli nganye iqulethe isiqingatha sezinto zofuzo, iseli nganye yaziwa ngokuba yiseli yehaploid. Xa ezi seli zimbini ze-haploid zidibana, zenza iseli enye yediploid equlethe zonke iichromosomes eziyimfuneko.
Emva koko izygote yehla ngombhobho wefallopian iye esibelekweni. Njengoko ihamba, iiseli zayo ziyahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibe yi-blastocyst. Nje ukuba isibeleko, i-blastocyst kufuneka ifakwe kwi-lining fumana ukutya okufunayo ukukhula kwaye uphile. Ixesha le-embryonic lophuhliso lihlala kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokukhulelwa ukuya kwiveki yesibhozo., ngelo xesha into ephilayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-embryo. Kwiveki yesithoba emva kokukhulelwa, ixesha lomntwana liqala. Ukusukela kweli nqanaba ukuya ekuzalweni, umzimba ubizwa ngokuba yi-fetus.
Inqanaba lokuqala libuthathaka
Ayizizo zonke ii-zygotes ezifikelela kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokukhula kwangaphambi kokubeleka. Ipesenti enkulu yazo zonke iingqiqo ezenzeka ngokwendalo ziyasilela phambi okanye ngexesha lofakelo. Abaphandi bakrokrela ukuba le lahleko inxulumene nokungaqhelekanga. Kwiimeko zokuphuma kwesisu okuphindaphindiweyo, ukungaqhelekanga kwechromosomal kubazali kudla ngokuba netyala. Kwimeko yokuphunyelwa kwezisu kwangethuba, ibhinqa lisenokungazi ukuba liye laqhama ngenxa yokuba lisenokuphuma igazi ngendlela efanayo naleyo lalisexesheni ngayo.
I-intrauterine insemination kunye ne-in vitro fertilization nayo inokusilela. Uphononongo lunxulumanise iiparamitha ezihlwempuzekileyo zesidoda kunikezelo olungaphumeleliyo. ukufakwa kwi-intrauterine. Amaqanda akumgangatho ophantsi kunye nokusilela kwehomoni zezinye izizathu ezaziwayo zokungaphumeleli kwale ndlela yokuzala. Amazinga empumelelo ye-IVF ayahluka ngokweminyaka. I-in vitro fertilization inethuba eliphezulu lokuphumelela kubazali abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Izinto ezinokuphembelela impumelelo okanye ukusilela kwe-IVF ziquka ubudala babazali, ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunye nelahleko, amandla okuphila kwamaqanda, kunye nonobangela osisiseko wokungazali.