Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezithile zinyangwe, iziphumo ezingcono ziya kuba kwikamva. Yiyo loo nto ukuqwalaselwa kwangoko kube ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwiimeko ezifuna oko. Kodwa…yintoni ukhathalelo lwangethuba?
Ukuthetha malunga nokunyamekela kwangaphambili, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba akulona unyango oluthile. Kodwa kwiseti yeziphakamiso ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza kwiingxaki zabantwana zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala.
Ukubaluleka kokukhathalelwa kwangoko
Ukuba uyabuza yintoni ukhathalelo lwangethuba kwaye yintoni injongo yayo, kufuneka wazi ukuba yiseti yongenelelo ngoncedo eyenzelwe abantwana ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-6 yeminyaka ubudala abaneengxaki zokukhula. Le ngcaciso ibanzi kuba phakathi kwento ekuqwalaselwe ngayo kwangethuba, kukho unyango kunye nezindululo zeentlobo ngeentlobo. Ezi ziyilwe ngokomntwana ngamnye kunye nobunzima okanye ukuxilongwa abakubonisayo.
Ngokubanzi kwaye yintoni ehlala i-organic ngokwemiqathango ingqalelo kwangethuba, kukuba lunyango olulungiselelwe iminyaka yokuqala yobuntwana efuna ukuphuhlisa izakhono kunye nezakhono kwiminyaka engaphambi kwexesha. Xa i-neuroplasticity ikwinkqubo yokwakheka. Ukhathalelo lwakwangoko lukwabandakanya iingcebiso kwiintsapho kunye nendawo ezihlala kuzo. Ngenxa yeendidi zezindululo kunye nonyango olunokubakho, eyona njongo iphambili yokhathalelo lwangethuba kukusabela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiimfuno zabantwana abaneengxaki zokukhula okanye abo bathi, nangaphandle kokuxilongwa kuqinisekiweyo, banokuzisa ubunzima.
Omnye wemiba ephambili ye ingqalelo kwangethuba kukuba ungenelelo alujongi abantwana kuphela kodwa kwanendawo abahlala kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuthathela ingqalelo kwangethuba kunokwenzeka ukukhokela abazali nootitshala. Ungenelelo lubandakanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye lubanzi, kodwa lusoloko lunenjongo yokugqibela yokukhuthaza ukukhula komntwana.
Phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zokhathalelo lwangethuba zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukunciphisa iziphumo kunye neziphumo zokusilela kunye nokusilela.
- Ukwandisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphuhliswa kwayo yonke imimandla yomntwana, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukhuthaze ukukhula okunempilo.
- Cebisa kwaye uhoye iimfuno zamalungu osapho kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye unike lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukukhuthaza izakhono zabo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ngubani ofuna ukungenelela.
- Ziphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zengxaki.
- Yamkela imilinganiselo yembuyekezo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo kweemfuno ezivela kumntwana.
- Yenza isicwangciso songenelelo ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezentlalo, imfundo okanye usapho.
Iingcali zoNyango lwakwangoko
Ukunikezelwa kobubanzi bonyango olunokwenzeka, kwi ingqalelo kwangethuba Iingcali ezahlukeneyo zithatha inxaxheba: i-psychologists, i-neuropsychologists, i-physiotherapists kunye neengcali zokuthetha, phakathi kwabanye. Unyango “yi-la carte”, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ngamnye uya kujolisa kwiimfuno ezithile zomntwana. Iingcali zengqondo kufuneka zibe ziingcali kukhathalelo lwakwangoko kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kwii-neuropsychologists, zinomsebenzi wokwenza uvavanyo lwehlabathi lomntwana. Iya kugubungela iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze uphuhliso, ingqiqo, iimvakalelo, intlalo, ukuziphatha, imoto kunye nonxibelelwano, zombini umntwana kunye nosapho.
Nje ukuba uxilongo lusekiwe, ingcali yezengqondo iya kuba noxanduva lokuyila inkqubo ethile yokhathalelo kwangethuba. Ke, umntwana omncinci uya kwenza unyango oluthile alufunayo ukuze amncede aphuhlise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwiindawo zengxaki. Iinkalo zokuziphatha kunye nentlalo-mvakalelo zisetyenzwa ngokukodwa.
Ngumsebenzi we-neuropsychologist ukukhuthaza umntwana ukuba aphuhlise ukusebenza kwezakhono zengqondo, ezifana nokuqwalaselwa, imemori, imisebenzi yokulawula kunye nokuqiqa. Kwimeko apho umntwana ebonisa ubunzima bokusebenza, i-physiotherapist iya kunceda ukuphuhlisa ukufunyanwa kunye nokulungisa ukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi esebenzayo. Bobabini ingcali yentetho kunye ne Ingcali yezonyango, iya kuba noxanduva lokusebenza kwindawo yonxibelelwano kunye nolwimi, kunye nokuginya. Oku kungenxa yokuba ziingcali kuthintelo, ukufumanisa, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lweendawo zonxibelelwano kunye nokuguqulwa kwazo.