Umntu omdala unemizimba yakhe phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-6 yeelitha zegazi, into ebalulekileyo yokuphila ukuze ujikeleze umzimba ngemithambo yegazi. Umsebenzi wegazi ubalulekile emzimbeniukuhambisa ioksijini kumalungu nakwizicubu kwaye ukhusele umzimba kwizifo nakwiintsholongwane.
Umntu ngamnye uneemolekyuli ezahlukileyo kwiiseli zakhe zegazi, kwaye ke kula maqela mane egazi ayenziwa. Ezi molekyuli zibizwa ngokuba ziiantigen zivelisa amaqela amane Ezizodidi A, B, O kunye noAB. Kodwa ukongeza, baninzi abantu abanento enye egazini labo, iprotein eyinxalenye yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kwaye kulapho i-Rh factor izalelwa khona, abantu abane-protein baya kuba ne-Rh kunye nabo bangenayo, i-Rh negative.
Nanamhlanje akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kutheni kukho umahluko ngokodidi lwegazi, kodwa zikhona ithiyori enomdla kakhulu edibanisa nendaleko. Ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obuntu kwimbali yokuqala, igazi kuye kwafuneka liziqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokuphila, liguquke kwaye lifumane iantigen ezahlukeneyo ezakha amaqela egazi.
Yintoni ukungahambelani kwegazi?
Ukwazi ukuba liliphi iqela legazi lakho kubaluleke kakhuluUkwazi iqabane lakho nako, kwaye ngekhe ucinge ngako. Kusengqiqweni ukuba awuzange ucinge ngalo mbuzo, kuba kuninzi okungachanekanga malunga nawo. Xa ufuna utofelo-gazi, kuyafuneka ukuba wazi ukuba leliphi iqela legazi lakho ukuze umzimba wakho ungalamkeli.
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-85 zabemi behlabathi baneprotein ebangela ukuba i-Rh factor, oko kukuthi, igazi labo li-Rh elungileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abangenayo i-Rh negative. I-Rh factor yiyo emisela ukungahambelani phakathi kwamaqela egazi ahlukeneyo.
Ukwamkela igazi elingahambelani nelakho kunokukucaphukisa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki zempilo. Kodwa ayikokuphela kokungangqinelani kwegazi okunokwenzeka. Umntwana okhawulwe ngabantu ababini abangahambelaniyo ngenxa ye-Rh factor yakhe unokufumana ubunzima beengxaki zempilo.
Ukungahambelani kwegazi kukuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa
Usana lufumana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwalo uthotho lwezinto ezenza ilifa lazo. Igazi lelinye lawo, ke umntwana angadla ilifa iqela legazi nokuba ngowuphi umzali. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba indibaniselwano yezi zinto zimbini ziyakwenza ifa kwaye uyakuyidla ilifa iRh factor.
Umba oqinisekileyo we-Rh ubalasele xa kuthelekiswa nokungabi nalo, ke ukuba umama uneRh kwaye utata eneRh, umntwana uya kuba neRh njengelifa kuyise. Kwaye kulapho ke kukho ukungangqinelani phakathi kwegazi likamama nelomntwana.
Amajoni omzimba omama ayayiqonda into yasemzini eyiye-Rh yomntwana, into eyenzayo ifom izilwa-buhlungu ukulwa loo protein ayiyiqondi, ngendlela efanayo ukuba iya kujongana nentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ezi ntsholongwane zinokuwela kwi-placenta zihlasele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezineeprotein 'zangaphandle'.
Iziphumo zomntwana ziyatshabalalisa:
- IHemophilia: sisifo esivela kwilifa esihlasela igazi.
- Isifo seHemolytic seentsana (HDN)): sisifo esibi esichaphazela ukukhula komntwana.
- IAnemia, phakathi kwezinye iingxaki zempilo.
Ukuchaphazeleka kwe-Rh kuchaphazela nini?
Umzimba kamama awunazo izilwa-buhlungu, kude kube kunjalo udibana negazi eneprotein yeRh. Ke ngokubanzi le ngxaki ayichaphazeli ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba unxibelelane ngeziganeko ezinje:
- Ukuqhomfa kwenzeke ngaphambili
- Esebenzisa a utofelo-gazi yegazi
- Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yovavanyo lwangaphambi kokubeleka i-amniocentesis
Ngexesha labasebenzi kuxa kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba igazi likamama nelomntwana zidibane. Ngale ndlela, umzimba kamama wenza izilwa-buhlungu ezilindele uhlaselo lwexesha elizayo.
Namhlanje kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga le ngxaki, nangona kunjalo, ukwazi iqela legazi labazali bobabini yinkqubo elula kakhulu. Ukwazi kwangaphambili kunakho thintela iingxaki zempilo kunye nokukhulelwa kwexesha elizayo kwixa elizayo usana.