Imibhede emibhede Ziyisisombululo esiwusizo kakhulu gcina isikhala ekamelweni labantwanaLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezindlini ezinamathala noma ezindlini ezincane lapho ubukhulu bekamelo lokulala bukwenza kube nzima ukufaka imibhede emibili eyodwa. Ngale ndlela, izingane zingalala ndawonye ekamelweni elilodwa, futhi kusazoba nesikhala sedeski, isibani saphansi, amashalofu aphansi, kanye nebhokisi elincane lamathoyizi noma izinto zansuku zonke.
Emakhaya amaningi, njengawami, imibhede ye-bunk iba ifenisha eguquguqukayo iminyaka eminingi. Izingane zami zazilala emibhedeni ye-bunk iminyaka emine kwaze kwaba yilapho zinquma ukuthi ngayinye ibe nekamelo layo… futhi asikaze sizihlukanise ngoba ngezinye izikhathi indodakazi yami iyabuya iyohlala nomfowabo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kungenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zemibhede ye-bunk, uma nje ihlanganiswe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinhle.
Ezikhathini ezidlule, njengaleso esiboniswe esithombeni esisembozweni, ukuphepha cishe kwakungeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa namuhla siyazi ukuthi kumelwe sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqondile kakhulu. ukugwema ukuwa embhedeni ongenhlaUma uke wakhwela embhedeni wezingane, uzokwazi ukuthi umuzwa ovela phezulu awufani nowomuntu omdala omile: uphakeme impela, futhi yize izibalo zingephezulu kakhulu, ukuwa kuyenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingozi zingavela, okuholela... ukushaywa ekhanda, ingozi yokuphefumula o imivimbo ngenxa yokubanjwa noma izinto eziklanywe kabi.
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemibhede engaphansi (eyisisekelo, isitimela, egoqekayo, ewela phansi) futhi kuzo zonke izimo omunye wemibhede uphakeme. Ngakho-ke, izincomo zokuphepha ezingezansi zisebenza kuzo zonke izilungiselelo.Okokuqala, lapho sithenga umbhede omusha ongaphansi, kumele sihlole imininingwane yobuchwepheshe noma ilebula yomkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyahlangabezana nezimfuneko. i-EN 747-1:2012 ejwayelekile, okusungula izidingo zokuphepha ezincane kakhulu zemibhede ebanzi kanye nemibhede ye-loft.
Uma kwenzeka ifenisha esetshenzisiwe, kuzodingeka qiniseka ukuthi usesimweni esihleIzinto zokwakha, amahange, izikulufo, ukushisela, izisekelo zemilenze, kanye nohlaka lombhede. Uma sesinakho ekhaya, futhi ngemva kokususa ukupakishwa kanye nezingxenye ezisele, kungcono sikubeke ekhoneni legumbiUkuze kube nezindonga ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Kubalulekile ukubeka ileli kude nefasitela, ukugwema ingozi lapho ingane elele phezulu ikhuphuka noma yehla futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi ingalingeki ukubheka ngaphandle isembhedeni ophezulu.
Imibhede ebhantshini kanye nezingozi zasebuntwaneni
Idatha yezibalo ethize ngalolu hlobo lwengozi ayiningi kakhulu, kodwa imithombo eyahlukahlukene yaseYurophu ikhombisa ukuthi Imibhede engaphansi komhlaba ingaba umthombo wokulimala uma zingasetshenziswa ngezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Ngokusho kwe- Isizindalwazi Sokulimala KweYurophu, cishe Izingane ezingu-19000 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala Baphathwa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokulimala okwenzeka emibhedeni evulekile eYurophu. Iningi labo lingamanxeba namaqhubu angaxazululwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa kunezimo ezimbi kakhulu okufanele zigwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko.
Izigameko ezivame kakhulu zibangelwa ukuthi izingane zingene enkingeni. Ziwa zisuka embhedeni ophezulu.Izingozi zingase zenzeke nalapho ulele, udlala embhedeni ophezulu, noma usebenzisa ileli. imigodi noma izikhala eziklanywe kabi ezinsikeni, ezitebhisini, noma ezinhlangothini lapho ikhanda, izingalo, noma imilenze kungabhajwa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu kumelwe acabangele izimbobo phakathi komatrasi nodonga noma phakathi komatrasi nohlaka lwefenisha, kanye nezingozi ukuklinywa noma ukufutha uma kunezintambo, amaribhoni noma imihlobiso yezimbali eseduze nokufinyelela kwengane.
Ezinye izingozi ezingabonakali kangako zihlobene isakhiwo sombhede ongaphansiUma ingahlanganiswanga kahle, uma uhlaka lombhede lungaxhunywanga kahle, noma uma ileli lingazinzile, kungaba nokushintshashintsha, ama-slats aphukile, noma ukugudluka okungaholela ekuweni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ukuphepha kuqale ngokukhetha imodeli efanele futhi kuqhubeke nokulungiswa njalo.
Kunezeluleko ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela izingozi emibhedeni emide okungafanele sizikhohlwe: ukwenza lokhu ukuhlanganiswa kulandela imiyalelo yomenzi encwadini, ungavumeli amantombazane noma abafana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ukuthi basebenzise umbhede ongaphezulu futhi uvikele amasokhethi okukhanya aseduze, ikakhulukazi uma eseduze nezitebhisi noma uthango.
Amathiphu engeziwe okuvimbela izingozi emibhedeni evulekile
Ukuhlanganiswa, imithethonqubo kanye nokubekwa okuphephile
Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhipha izimpahla embhedeni ongaphansi, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola indawo lapho uzobekwa khona. Kunconywa ukuthi uphahla lube nophahla oluqinile ukuphakama okwanele ukuze ingane elele embhedeni ophezulu ikwazi ukuhlala phansi ngaphandle kokushayisa isibani noma ophahleni, nokuthi izindonga eziseduze zingabi namashalofu asindayo noma izinto ezingawela phezu kwayo.
- Ukuhlanganisa ngokwemiyalelo: Landela isinyathelo ngesinyathelo somenzi ngesandla, usebenzisa izingxenye ezinikeziwe kuphela. Gwema ukwenza izinto ezintsha ngezikulufo noma amathuluzi angafaneleki, njengoba lokhu kungenza isakhiwo sibe buthaka.
- Ukubuyekezwa kwesakhiwo: Uma usuhlanganisiwe, hlola imiphetho ebukhali, izikulufo eziphumayo, noma izindawo eziqhephukile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ayinyakazi lapho kufakwa ingcindezi eseceleni nokuthi zonke izikhonkwane, izikulufo, kanye nama-welds ziqinile futhi zisesimweni esihle.
- Ukuhambisana ne-EN 747-1:2012: Hlola ukuthi ilebula lomkhiqizo libonisa ukuthi umbhede ongaphansi uhambisana nale nqubo yokuphepha yaseYurophu, elawula, phakathi kwezinye izici, amabanga amancane naphezulu phakathi kwamabha, ukuphakama kwezithiyo zokuvikela kanye namandla esakhiwo.
- Indawo yegumbi: Beka umbhede ongaphansi ekhoneni ukuze izinhlangothi ezimbili zawo zivikeleke ngodonga. Gcina indawo yokungena ingenafenisha enamakhona abukhali, amathoyizi amakhulu, ama-scooter, noma ezinye izinto ezingalimaza ingane uma iwa.
- Ibanga ukusuka emafasiteleni nasema-radiator: Iladi akufanele libe seduze nefasitela noma ngaphezulu kwama-radiator noma izinto zokushisa, ukuze kugwenywe ukuwa ngaphandle, ukusha noma ukuqhuzuka.
Ngaphezu kwendawo evamile, eminye imininingwane ethile yenza umehluko ekuphepheni:
- Ungabeka ifayela le- ikhaphethi elijiyile noma phansi okunezindwangu phansi kwegumbi, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini oluvulekile lombhede ongaphansi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuwa kancane.
- Isikhala sokuma kwesitimela esihambisanayo: kungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-7 phakathi kwezinsika ukuze kuvinjelwe ingane ukuthi ingafaki ikhanda layo noma izingxenye zomzimba.
- Izinyathelo eziphephile: Kungcono ukuthi ingasheleli, okungenani ibe ngamasentimitha amathathu ukujula, futhi ihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-20. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngezingane ukukhuphuka nokwehla ngokuqina.
- Isivikelo sombhede ongaphezulu: Uthango kumele luzungeze umbhede kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezifinyelelekayo, luhlale luqhubeka ngaphandle kwesikhala esingaphezu nje kwezitebhisi.
- Ukuphakama kwesitimela: Kunconywa ukuthi ivele okungenani ngamasentimitha angu-16 ngaphezu komatrasi ukuze ivimbele ingane ukuthi ingagingqiki ngenkathi ilele.
- Ukuphakama kusukela ophahleni: Bala ngokucophelela ukuze, lapho behleli, izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela isibani noma isibani sophahla noma ukushaya amakhanda azo.
- Ubukhulu bezimbobo eziphezulu: Ukuze kuphephe, izikhala eziku-bunk ephezulu ngeke zibe ngaphansi kuka-6 cm futhi zingabi nkulu kune-7,5 cm, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe kokubili ukubanjwa kanye nokudlula komzimba wonke.
- Ama-slat omatilasi: Zibeke zingadluli amasentimitha angu-7,5 ziqhelelane futhi zinamathele ngokuqinile esakhiweni, ukuze zingavumeli ukuthi ingane igxume noma inyakaze ngokuzumayo.
Ukukhetha nokulungisa umatrasi
Umatrasi ungenye into ebalulekile ekuphepheni kombhede ongaphansi, yize ngezinye izikhathi ungaqashelwa. Kumelwe ube nawo usayizi oqondile onconywayo ngumkhiqizi wemibhede, ukuze kungabikho izikhala eziyingozi futhi ingaveli kakhulu.
- Ukulingana okuphelele: Hlola ukuthi umatilasi ulingana kahle nohlaka lombhede, ngaphandle kwezikhala ekhanda, ebhodini lezinyawo, noma emaceleni. Lokhu kuvimbela ingane ukuthi ibambeke phakathi komatilasi nohlaka.
- Ukuphakama komatrasi: Ubukhulu kumele buvumele izinsimbi zokuvikela ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuphakama okuphephile okungenani (cishe amasentimitha angu-16). Umatrasi owugqinsi kakhulu unciphisa ukuvikelwa kwezinsimbi zokuvikela.
- Uhlaka lombhede oluqinile: Uhlaka lombhede kumele luboshwe ngezintambo, izikulufo ezigoqiwe, noma uhlelo olufanayo ukuze luvimbele ukuthi lunganyakazi, noma ngabe ingane ikhahlela noma igxume embhedeni.
- Isimo sikamatilasi: Gwema omatilasi abakhubazekile noma abathambile kakhulu abakhuthaza umzimba ukuthi ucwile kakhulu futhi basondele kakhulu onqenqemeni oluphezulu lwensimbi.
Ubudala, izici zomntwana kanye nokusetshenziswa kombhede ophezulu
Ubudala kanye nentuthuko yengane kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kombhede ongaphansi. Ngokuvamile, Ibhedi ephezulu ayinconywa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudalaKule minyaka, izingane eziningi zisenenkinga yokuhamba ngezitebhisi ezincane, ziyadideka kalula lapho zivuka phakathi nobusuku, futhi zingase zizwe ukunyakaza okuxekethile ngenkathi zilele.
- Imikhawulo yobudala: Landela njalo isincomo sokuthi izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-6 kuphela okufanele zilale embhedeni ophakeme, ikakhulukazi uma ingane ingaphumuli noma ihambahamba kakhulu ngenkathi ilele.
- Izingane ezingahlaliseki kakhulu noma ezihambahambayo: Uma ingane yakho ithanda ukuhamba ubuthongo, inamaphupho amabi njalo, noma ivame ukuvuka ididekile, kungcono ukuthi ihlale embhedeni ongezansi ngisho noma ifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala.
- Imiyalelo yomntwana omncane: Zinike isikhathi sokumfundisa ukuthi akhuphuke futhi ehle kanjani, yiziphi izindawo okungafanele azikhuphuke, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukulandela le mithetho ukuze aphephe.
- Umuntu oyedwa olele phezulu: Ukuze kugwenywe ukulayisha ngokweqile isakhiwo nokunciphisa ukusunduza nokudlala okuyingozi, umuntu oyedwa kuphela okufanele alale embhedeni ophezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwansuku zonke kombhede ongaphansi komhlaba
Uma sekufakiwe futhi kwabekwa kahle, isihluthulelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuhambisana nazo zonke izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Imithetho ecacile, ukuqapha, kanye nemininingwane embalwa emincane kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Indawo yekhanda: Embhedeni ongaphezulu, i-headboard kufanele ihlale ibekwe ekugcineni okuphambene nendawo evuleka kuyo ileli, ukuze ingane ilale kude ngangokunokwenzeka nendawo engavikelekile.
- Ukukhanya okuphephile: Ungafaka isibani odongeni oluseduze ukuze ingane elele ngaphezulu ikwazi ukwehla phakathi nobusuku ngaphandle kokukhubeka, kodwa ungalokothi ushiye izintambo zikagesi zikhululekile noma ziboshwe eduze kwesakhiwo. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola ukufakwa okuqinile nokuqinile (okungcono kakhulu ohlangothini olubheke odongeni), khetha uhlelo olusebenza ngebhethri olunesiqeshana esinamathelayo ngokuqinile.
- Gwema imihlobiso eyingozi: Ungasebenzisi imihlobiso yezimbali, amaribhoni, izintambo zokuhlobisa noma amakhethini alengayo embhedeni ongaphansi, njengoba izingane zingase zixakeke futhi zifuthwe ngokuklinywa.
- Izindawo ezizungezile ezicacile: Akufanele kube nezinto eziyingozi eduze kombhede ongaphansi komhlaba ezingalimaza ingane uma iwa: ifenisha enamakhona abukhali, amatafula aphezulu, ama-scooter, amathoyizi aqinile, noma izinto zikagesi.
- Khuphuka futhi wehle ngokusebenzisa izitebhisi kuphela: Babonise ukuthi indlela efanele yokukhuphuka iwukusebenzisa izitebhisi, hhayi ematafuleni, ezihlalweni, noma kwenye ifenisha. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela lokhu ukuze kube umkhuba.
- Akukho ukugxuma emibhedeni: Kuzo zombili izitulo eziphezulu nezingezansi, vimbela izingane ukuthi zingagxumi noma zisunduzane. Ngaphandle kwengozi yokuwa, izimbobo zohlaka lombhede zingaphuka.
- Ukuqapha emdlalweni: Ungashiyi izingane zidlala zodwa isikhathi eside ekamelweni elinemibhede emide, ikakhulukazi uma kunezivakashi noma abafowabo nodadewabo abaneminyaka ehlukene.
Ukukhanyisa, amasokhethi kanye nendawo kagesi
Izibani zasebusuku kanye nezintambo zikagesi eduze kombhede ongaphansi zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Izingane zingase zivuke zilele kancane bese zikhubeka, noma ziphathe amapulagi nezintambo ngaphandle kokuqaphela ngokugcwele ingozi.
- Ukukhanya kwasebusuku: Faka izibani ezisebenzisa amandla aphansi noma izibani zasebusuku ze-LED ezinikeza ukubonakala okwanele ukuze wehle ezitebhisini, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhazimula ingane ngenkathi ilele.
- Amabhalbhu okukhanya apholile: Qiniseka ukuthi izibani eziseduze nombhede ongaphansi zisebenzisa ama-LED bulbs noma ezinye izinhlelo ezingashisi, ukuze ukuthintana okungenzeka ngengozi kungabangela ukusha.
- Ngaphandle kwezibani ze-clamp esakhiweni: Gwema izibani ezinezintambo noma iziqeshana ezixhunywe ngqo ezitebhisini noma ezitebhisini, ngoba zingakhululeka, zibambeke, noma zishiye izintambo zilenga eduze nezingane.
- Izisekelo ezivikelwe: Vikela izindawo zokufaka ugesi eduze kombhede ongaphansi ngezembozo zokuphepha futhi ugcine izintambo zokwandisa kanye nezintambo zikagesi kude nendawo lapho izingane zikhuphuka khona futhi zehla khona.
Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa njalo kombhede ongaphansi
Ukuphepha akupheli ngosuku lokuhlangana. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, umbhede ongaphansi ubhekana nokuxega okuncane, ukushayisana, ukushintsha kwesisindo, kanye nokunyakaza okufanele kuqashwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezikulufo nama-anchor: Hlola njalo ukuthi zonke izikulufo zisaqinile nokuthi azikho izingxenye ezikhululekile. Uma ubona ukuklwebheka noma ukuxega lapho ukhuphuka, qinisa amalunga.
- Isimo sezitebhisi: Qiniseka ukuthi ileli liqinile futhi libekwe engxenyeni ende kakhulu yombhede ongaphansi, ukuvimbela ukuthi linganyakazi ngenkathi ingane ilisebenzisa.
- Ukulawula izintambo: Hlola ukuthi izindonga zisaqondile, azinawo ama-writing, futhi zinesikhala esifanele phakathi kwezintambo. Gcina njalo izivikelo zokuphepha zifakiwe, ngisho noma ingane ikhula.
- Uhlaka lombhede kanye nama-slats: Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini ama-slats agobile, aphukile, noma axegayo. Washintshe noma uwalungise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele umatilasi ukuthi ungaguquguquki ngokulinganayo.
- Ukuhlanza nokunakekela: Ukugcina umbhede ongaphansi uhlanzekile, ngaphandle kothuli noma izingcezu ezincane zamathoyizi ezinamathele emalungeni, nakho kuyasiza ekuboneni umonakalo ongaba khona ngesikhathi.
Izingane zakho zingasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni lezi zingozi ngokuhlanganyela ekunakekelweni kwemibhede yazo nokuqonda imithetho. Bachazele ngokuthula ukuthi umbhede ongaphansi uyifenisha yabantwana. lala uphumuleAkuyona indawo yokudlala, futhi ndawonye ningayenza ibe yindawo ekhululekile, ejabulisayo, nephephile kakhulu.
Ngokukhetha okuhle kwemodeli, ukufakwa okufanele, ukubhekwa okufanele ngokweminyaka, kanye nemithetho ecacile yokusebenzisa, imibhede evulekile ingaqhubeka nokuba yimithombo efanelekile ye thola isikhala ekamelweni lokulala labantwana futhi uvumele abafowethu nodadewethu babelane ngekamelo, okukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwabo ngaphandle kokulahla ukuthula kwengqondo kwabantu abadala.
Izithombe - ukuqwasha okulula, I-Wikimedia Commons.