I-Autism wuhlobo lwesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu kubazali nezihlobo ezakha indawo ezungezile yengane. Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma nezingane zabo kubangela ukudabuka nokukhungatheka okukhulu kubazali nezingane zakubo. Ukufunda ukuxhumana nengane enalezi zici kuhilela inqubo ende yokufunda. Akekho ozalwa ekwazi ukukhuluma nengane ye-autistic, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola indlela yokuxhumana.
Kuyindaba nje yokubhalisa izimpawu zengane futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufunda ukudala isiteshi sokuxhumana esivumayo kakhulu ngezici ezithile zalaba abancane.
Ukuxhumana ezinganeni ze-autistic
Ijagoni edumile ikhuluma ngabantwana abangekho noma izingane ezisezweni lazo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane ezizimele bakhishwa inyumbazane emphakathini ngenxa yesimo sabo. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala izindlela ezifanele zokusondelana nalaba abancane, kungenzeka ukuthi ukusondelana kusungulwe futhi ukuxhumana kuzoqala ukuhamba.
Kuyinqubo engakhungathekisa kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uyayibona imiphumela. Kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ungakhuluma kanjani nengane ye-autistic, kufanele uqale wazi lesi simo ngokujulile, okuyinto, ngakolunye uhlangothi, eyenzeka ngokuhlukahluka okungenakubalwa. Kungakho okungaphezu nje kwe-“autism”, namuhla sikhuluma “nge-autism spectrum disorder”, ngaleyo ndlela sifaka uhla lwezindlela i-autism eziveza ngayo.
I-Autism spectrum disorder ihlotshaniswa ne-neurodevelopment kanye noshintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Phakathi kokunye, kubangela ubunzima kumuntu uma kuziwa ekuboneni nasekuhlanganyeleni nabanye abantu. Abantu abane ASD bahlushwa ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumana, nakuba, kuye ngesimo, kungafaka ezinye izimpawu, njengezindlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindayo, ubunzima bokuqonda ukubonakaliswa okungakhulumi, izinkinga zemizwa, njll. Ngenxa yokuthi ingaziveza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu namazinga obunzima, akwenzeki ukuhlukanisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-autism kodwa kunalokho i-spectrum ebanzi okufanele ilashwe ngayodwana.
Ukuze ufunde ukukhuluma nengane ene-autism, kuyodingeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi lesi sifo sithiya noma sivimbele ikhono lokuhumusha izinkulumo, ukuqonda ukuxhumana okungakhulumi, noma ukuhumusha ukuziphatha komphakathi, amathoni ezwi, noma ukuqonda imizwa. Yingakho beyizingane ezingokoqobo neziqondile. Kukho konke lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwakha isiteshi sokuxhumana esikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise lawa makhono.
Funda ukuxhumana okusha
Ungakhuluma kanjani nengane ene-autism? Into yokuqala ukuzama ukudala ukuxhumana kwamehlo bese usungula isixhumanisi. Kuyadingeka ukuba nesineke futhi ube mnene lapho ubopha, ugwema izinselele namathoni aqinile. Izingane ezine-autism zidinga impinda njengoba zingaphinda amagama noma imishwana kodwa zingaqondi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani. Kuyasiza ukulindela izingane ezine-autism nokuzihlela ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana kangcono. Isibonelo: uma uzochitha usuku ngaphandle, ungadweba isenzo ngasinye ozosenza phakathi nosuku ukuze usiqonde, usifanise futhi ube nesikhathi sokuzinza. Okufanayo endabeni yendlela yakho yesikole yansuku zonke.
Izingane ezine-autism zidinga inqubo yokuqonda ehlukile futhi yingakho lapho ukhuluma nazo kufanele uhlale unombono wokuthi kungcono ukukwenza ngendlela yokuthi si-ode ulwazi. Ukulungisa lokho okushiwoyo kubasiza ukuba baqonde kangcono incazelo yokuxhumana ukuze bakwazi ukukuhlanganisa kangcono. Gwema ukubhuqa futhi uma uzwa sengathi awunaso isineke ngesikhathi esisodwa, lesi kungase kungabi isikhathi esifanele sokukhuluma. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zingazizwa zifunwa kakhulu noma zicindezeleke kakhulu kulezi zimo. Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe into engcono kakhulu ukubanika ikhefu futhi nivuselele ukuxhumana lapho kuyisikhathi esizolile kini nobabili.
Ukukhuluma nengane ene-autism kuhlanganisa ukufunda ikhodi entsha ezothatha isikhathi nomzamo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalahlekelwa ukuzola futhi nakuba kunezikhathi lapho abazali bezizwa bekhungathekile kakhulu ngemiphumela engenalutho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuhle kuzofezwa futhi ingane izofunda kancane kancane ukuxhumana nezwe.