Namuhla nginethulela ingxoxo esiyenze noMaría Berrozpe, umbhali wencwadi esanda kushicilelwa enesihloko esithi "Amaphupho Amnandi", enyatheliswa yi-Alianza Editorial. Ngicabanga ukuthi akuyona incwadi enezeluleko zokuthi ingane ilale kangcono, kepha ithuluzi lomama nobaba lokwenza izinqumo ezizimele, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuhlonipha izindinganiso zomndeni. Imininingwane 'ingamandla' futhi yilokho ekufundwayo okusinikeza kona. Kube ngenxa yokubonga ekuhlaziyweni nasekufundweni kwemibhalo yesayensi neyolwazi ngokulala kwengane.
UMaría Berrozpe uneziqu zobudokotela kwezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo futhi unikele umsebenzi wakhe wobungcweti ocwaningweni, oluhlanganisa nokukhulisa izingane zakhe ezintathu. Uhlala eZurich kanti kumanje wenza ucwaningo futhi uyafunda konke okuphathelene nempilo yokuqala nokuthuthuka kwezingane. I-protagonist yethu namuhla futhi ingumbhali we Isayensi Yokulala Kwezinsana (iwebhu yokusatshalaliswa kwesayensi) nencwadi ethi "Umama omusha"; kanye nokuqapha iLa Leche International League. Ungafunda kabanzi ngayo ku- ibhulogi yakhe Reeducando a Mamá. Ngaphambi kokushiya inhlolokhono, ngithanda ukukutshela ukuthi uma kukhona okuthile okungikhohlisa ngencwadi yakho entsha, yilokho inikeza isithombe esisha sesayensi yokulala yezingane, ngoba yethulwa njengokuhlanganiswa kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuhlukahlukene.
Uma usifunda, ungumama noma ubaba, futhi uma kunjalo, uzozibuza nsuku zonke, noma ngabe wake wazibuza esikhathini esedlule (esimweni sokuba namadodakazi amakhulu namadodana) 'okumele ukwenze' uma ingane inenkinga yokulala: Ngingalala nayo? Ngiyidlulisela nini egumbini lakho? Ingabe kuhle kimi ukuba ngincelise ebusuku? Kule mibuzo, ungathola izimpendulo ezihambelana nezindinganiso zakho, ezinye ezingakusizi, noma izeluleko eziningi zobuchwepheshe kwesinye isikhathi eziba 'izindlela zokuqeqesha'. Izincomo eziningi zizokwenza ukuthi abancane bahlupheke, nawe, futhi akusona isixazululo ngoba akuwena owenza izinqumo ezivumelaniswe nendlela okhulisa ngayo. Manje uma:
Madres Hoy: Ngabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi sibona lokho okuchazwa ngokuthi 'ubhadane' lokuqwasha kwengane? Uma ngikhumbula kahle, ngike ngafunda ngesinye isikhathi ku- The Science of Children's Sleep lokho kwenzeka kuphela emiphakathini yasentshonalanga, yini izimbangela?
UMaria Berrozpe: Emphakathini wethu sibeka izimo zokulala ezinganeni zethu ezingahambisani nemvelo yazo njengezingane ezisencane ezingasentabeni, izilwane ezincelisayo nezimbongolo. Sifuna ukuthi balale bodwa kude nathi, ngenkathi “benzelwe” ukuxhumana nomama wabo, noma omunye umuntu omnakekelayo osekhulile bengekho, amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ukusinda kwabo kuxhomeke kukho ngesikhathi sokuvela kwethu. Izinsana namanje azazi ukuthi namuhla ziphephe zodwa embhedeni wazo noma endaweni yokulala. Kubo kuyingozi futhi kuveza ukwethuka okukhulu njengalapho ezikhathini zasendulo zazivezwa kuzipho zezilwane.
MH: Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi omama nobaba balahlekelwe ukuzethemba emandleni ethu okuba ngabazali futhi benze kahle? Yini enye into engachaza inani lochwepheshe emkhakheni wezifo zezingane abeza besinikeza izincomo zokuthi izingane kufanele zilale kuphi futhi kanjani? Awucabangi ukuthi kufinyelelwe emazingeni weqile wokungenelela?
MB: Angikwazi ukukutshela kahle uma ngabe silahlekile noma sithathiwe kithi. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efundisayo kukhombisa ukugxambukela okukhulu kodokotela bezingane nodokotela bengqondo ekukhuliseni, eyaqala ukubeka esimweni uchungechunge lokuziphatha okunemvelaphi yamasiko kuphela, egameni lesayensi yezokwelapha. Abazali balahlekelwe ukuzethemba futhi sashiya umthwalo ohambelana nathi ezandleni zabo.
MH: Akuwona yini umndeni okufanele ngabe uphethe igunya eliphezulu ezindabeni zokukhulisa izingane, ukulala kwengane akufakiwe?
MB: Ngikholwa ukuthi imayelana nokufaka bonke abalingisi abangasiza ukuxazulula inkinga. Ake ngichaze: kusobala ukuthi umuthi ubalulekile ukuxazulula izimo zokugula. Uma sinengane enomkhuhlane, into enengqondo kunazo zonke ukuyenza ukubonana nodokotela. Amanye amasayensi angasisiza sichaze indlela yokuziphatha kwezingane zethu, isibonelo, i-biology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-neurology noma i-anthropology nokuba nolwazi oluthile ngayo kungasisiza kakhulu ekukhuliseni. Kepha ekugcineni singabazali okufanele bathathe izinqumo yokuthi sifuna ukuzala kanjani futhi amagugu ethu nolwazi akufanele neze kubukelwe phansi noma yisiphi isiyalo sesayensi, kubandakanya nezokwelapha.
MH: Ngempela, uma ucabanga ungakhathali, ukuthembela 'ezindleleni zokuqeqesha' ukuze izingane zethu zilale kuyinto eyinqaba, kepha futhi ukuthi, njengoba ngifundile kwezinye izingxoxo okwenziwe kuwe: 'ukulala' kwezingane kudelele ulwazi ukuthi ezinye izindlela zinganikela. Ngabe ufuna ukusitshela okuthile okuphathelene ikakhulukazi nalokho okulethwa yi-biology ngezidingo zezingane 'zokulala'?
MB: Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngokwesibili siyizilwane ezincelisayo ezisentabeni ngakho-ke senzelwe ukuthi sihlale sixhumana nomama wethu ukuze sondliwe njalo. Kodwa ukufundwa kwezingane zokulala kusekele lonke ucwaningo lwazo ekhulwini elidlule ocwaningweni lwengane elala yodwa futhi encelisiwe, njengoba kusho uprofesa wesayensi yabantu uJames McKenna.
Ngale ndlela, ubeke ubuthongo bodwa njengemodeli enempilo, ekubeka ezingeni futhi enganaki ukuthi lezi zimo ziyimpatho enganeni yomuntu. Kungakho lo mcwaningi ephakamisa igama elithi Breastsleeping njengomqondo omusha ongasekela kuwo ucwaningo ngokulala kwezingane.
MH: Uma uthi izingane zethu zikuthola kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko zamasiko esizibekayo, usho ukuthini?
MB: Sizama ukubaphoqa ukuthi balale bodwa ngeminyaka lapho ubuchopho babo bungakakulungeli ukuqonda ukuthi ayikho ingozi nokuthi bayaphila ngaleyo ndlela. Noma sibaphuca ubisi lwabo lwasebusuku futhi sethemba ukuthi bazohlanganisa ubuthongo ubusuku bonke eminyakeni yobudala lapho izakhiwo zabo zokulala zisathuthuka futhi kungokwemvelo ukuthi bahlupheke ebusuku lapho bethi umnakekeli wabo futhi bafuna ukubondla.
U-Oskar Jenni, udokotela wezingane eSibhedlela Sezingane i-Zürich, wethule umqondo wokuthi “kufanelekile” esimeni sokulala ebuntwaneni ngokunembile ukubhekisa kulezo zimo zemvelo ezinqunywe ngokwesiko ezihlonipha izidingo zengane nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Uma ubuhle bokulungiswa bungahlonishwa, sibhekene nobubha bokulungiswa, okwenzeka lapho izidingo zemvelo zidlula amandla engane okuzivumelanisa nezimo. Isimo esingaholela ezigulini zangempela. NgokukaJenni, ukungenelela komtholampilo kufanele kuhlose ukukwenza hlonipha ubuhle bokulingana, futhi ungayenzi ingane ukuthi ilale yodwa nganoma iyiphi imali.
MH: Ngabe izingane zidinga abazali bazo ebusuku? Kwenzekani ebuchosheni bengane esele yodwa ebusuku, ingakunaki ukukhala kwayo? Futhi iyini imiphumela engaba nayo ekukhuleni kwayo?
MB: Izingane zidinga indima yokulawula yomnakekeli wazo, ikakhulukazi umama wazo, ukuthuthukisa impendulo enempilo futhi eguqukayo ekucindezelekeni. Isimo esicindezelayo esilahliwe ngokushiywa, njengobumnyama bekamelo lakho elilodwa, singenza impendulo enobuthi enemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho yengqondo nengokwenyama esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside.
Kuze kube manje, azikho izifundo ezihlola ngokwanele imiphumela yengcindezi eyenziwe ngamasu wokuqeqesha asuselwa ekukhaleni, futhi abavikeli bayo banamathele kulokho. Kepha singayikhipha imiphumela evela kwezinye izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi ingcindezi ekhiqizwa ukunakekelwa okungaphenduli (njengomama ocindezelekile) yanele ukudala umonakalo omkhulu. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izingane ezivunyelwe ukukhala zize zilale empeleni zisacindezelekile lapho seziyekile ukukhala, okudala ukwehlukaniswa kwesikhathi phakathi kwalokho ezikubonisayo nalokho ezizwayo.
Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwabonakala nokuthi izingane ezishayisanayo zinempendulo enempilo ezimweni zansuku zonke ezicindezelayo, njengokugeza. Konke lokhu kusiholela ekukholweni ukuthi ukuvumela izingane zikhale “zifunde” ukulala kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekulawulweni kwempendulo yazo ekucindezelekeni, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yazo.
MH: Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi ukulala ndawonye kuyinto ejwayelekile kwamanye amasiko? Ngaphezu kokuba ngumgqugquzeli wokuncelisa, Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo esinazo ezinganeni nakunina noma obaba?
MB: Ezinganeni ezincane, ukulala ngokubambisana kusiza ukulawulwa kwamazinga okushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngisho nokulala, okuholela ekuzivumelaniseni okungcono komzimba empilweni engaphandle kwesibeletho.
Njengoba umntwana ekhula uyakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakhe yedwa, kepha usazodonswa ukuze ashayisane nonina. Lokhu kungukuziphatha okungokwemvelo ngokuphelele futhi kungaba yinto enhle kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuyihlazo ngempela ukuthi emasikweni ethu bekulokhu kunjalo, futhi kusenjalo nangeminye imikhakha, kunamadimoni kakhulu, kuvimbela izingane eziningi ukuba zikujabulele.
Omama abaqoqayo baphendula kangcono izinkomba ezivela ezinganeni zabo, futhi baneliseka ngokwengeziwe ngokunakekelwa kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi abazali ababambisana nabo banamazinga aphansi e-testosterone, athinta kahle indlela abaziphatha ngayo njengabazali.
MH: Ngicabanga ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthi usitshele ukuthi sizotholani encwadini, Ucabanga ukuthi kungani sizoyithanda?
MB: Ngoba izokunikeza umbono ophelele, ohlukahlukene wemikhakha eyahlukene kanye nomongo wokulala kwengane. Le ncwadi ayinazo izindlela zokupheka zemilingo zokulala kwezingane, kodwa kunemininingwane engaba wusizo kuwe ukuthola iresiphi engcono kakhulu yokuba wena nezingane zakho nilale ngokujabula.
MH: Kungase kungabi isitayela sakho ukunikeza izeluleko 'ngokwesiko' kubafundi bethu, kepha ukwenza kanjani ukuthi kube lula ukuthi umntwana noma usana alale kamnandi futhi alale ngokuthula? Uma noma iyiphi ingane enempilo izogcina ilele 'kahle' ngesikhathi esithile ebuntwaneni bayo, Kungaba yini indima yabantu abadala abayinakekelayo?
MB: Indima yabantu abadala ukuhlinzeka ngokuphepha. Ngikholwa wukuthi bonke abantu, izingane nabantu abadala, esikudinga kakhulu ukulala kahle ukuzizwa siphephile.
Futhi lapho ingxoxo isiphelile, ngingabonga uMaria kakhulu ngokusethulela incwadi yakhe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokunikeza umbono ohlonipheke kangaka wezidingo zezingane zokulala. Kwakumnandi 🙂.