Umdlavuza wezingane uyaqhubeka ukuba phambili kwezempilo yomphakathi lokho kufanele kuliwe emazweni amaningi. Kuyimbangela yokuqala yokufa ezinganeni eziningi nasebusheni futhi basazama ukwakha inqubekela phambili emisha yokuzama ukuqeda lesi sifo.
Kunamazwe anezinsizakusebenza zezempilo ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu futhi ezinomkhawulo lapho amacala omdlavuza ekhuphuka kakhulu futhi kungenzeki bakwazi ukunqanda ukufa kwezinsana. ESpain siyathuthuka futhi emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ikwazile ukukwenza babe nokuxhaswa kwezezimali nezepolitiki ngamasu angaba khona ezinhlelweni zokuxhasa nezocwaningo.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wezingane
Umdlavuza ngokujwayelekile isifo sofuzo esenzekayo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-DNA futhi lokho kuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa kwamaseli ajwayelekile abe ngamangqamuzana e-tumor. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kuningi ehluke kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala futhi ngokulingana amacala ahluke kakhulu ezinganeni zeminyaka ehlukene.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ama-leukemias kulandelwa i- isimila sobuchopho futhi kusekhona ukwelashwa ezinqatshiwe ngokungakwazi ukubhubhisa eziningi zalezi zinhlayiya ezinolaka nezimelana, kepha yisifo esiqhubeka nokunikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu nalapho siqhubeka nokuzama ukuqeda.
ESpain nxazonke Amacala ayi-1.300 phakathi kwezingane nentsha, la I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoblastic iyona ephindaphindeka kakhulu futhi imele ama-25% wamacala ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-14 ubudala, ngokufanayo isimila sobuchopho imele ama-20% kule minyaka futhi ilandelwa ngamacala we I-Neuroblastoma, isimila seWilms, kanye ne-Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Endabeni yentsha efinyelela eminyakeni engu-18, amacala ajwayelekile kakhulu yilawa I-Hodgkin, izicubu zegciwane nezicubu zobuchopho.
Intuthuko entsha
Njengendlela yokwelapha ekulweni nomdlavuza sithola lezo ezibe lusizo olukhulu kule mpi engapheli: ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe nokuhlinzwa. Banikezwe njenge izilinganiso ezisebenzisekayo neziqinile kakhulu kepha azikaze zanele ukwehlukahlukana okude kwezinhlobo zomdlavuza.
Intuthuko Entsha Emelene Nomdlavuza Wezingane ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza, Badinga ukuzinikela okukhulu, ukubekezela nolwazi oluningi ukuze bakwazi ukwelapha lezi ziguli ezincane ezisengozini. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kusekhona i- isinyathelo nokufunwa ngabazali abaningi ekufuneni ukuzama lezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo ezinganeni zabo futhi ikakhulukazi lapho ezinye ezisetshenzisiwe zingasebenzi.
Ukwelashwa izidakamizwa-based kuyindlela entsha ekhulayo, bazama ukukhomba lokhu kuhlasela kwesimila futhi kufanele isingathe ubuthi obukhona ukuze iveze isiguli sakho ngokuzayo.
Enye intuthuko okwamanje efundwayo futhi evivinywayo ngokumelene ne-leukemia iyona enezingcingo Amaseli T, la maseli athathwe egazini lengane futhi kushintshwe izakhi zofuzo elabhorethri, kamuva baphinde bangeniswe uma sebeshintshiwe ukuze bakwazi hlasela amaseli wegazi. Le nqubo iyasebenza futhi iyathembisa, kepha akucaci ukuthi iziguli zelashwe unomphela yini.
Phakathi kwamanye amasu amaningi asevele asetshenzisiwe singathola izifundo namaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu namuhla ukuze ngikwazi ukuxilonga leli cala ngokucace okukhulu. Singayithola ku- ukuhlolwa kwe-radiological ku 3T emisha kazibuthe, lokho kuzosivumela ukuthi sibe ne- ukuxilongwa okungcono kumathumba obuchopho nakumasu okulapha womabili ukuhlinzwa, i-neurosurgical ne-radiotherapy.
Sibhekene nalezi zinyathelo ezintsha, kufanele sengeze i- ukwanda okukhulu ngamaphesenti kulezi zindlela zokwelapha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emazweni athuthukile lesi sifo isivele iyelapheka kumacala angama-80%.