Impela uzwile kaningi ngesivivinyo se-Apgar kepha bambalwa abakwaziyo ngempela ukuthi lolu vivinyo luqukethe ini nokuthi lwenzelwe ini. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho Ukuhlolwa kuka-Apgar, lapho kwenziwa lokhu kuhlolwa, kwenzelwa ini nokuthi imiphumela yayo ihunyushwa kanjani.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Apgar, kuyini futhi kwenziwa nini?
Kuwubufakazi bokuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinikezwa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwesimo sempilo yazo. Kwenziwa ngomzuzu owodwa ukuthola ukuthi ingane ibekezelele kangakanani inqubo yokubeletha nokuqondisa noma yiluphi usizo lwezokwelapha olungadingeka. Ukuhlolwa kuphindwaphindwa futhi ngomzuzu wesi-5 wokuhlola ukuthi ingane iguquka kanjani ngaphandle kwesizalo, okuzoba yinkomba yokubikezela ngempilo yengane. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, kwenziwa futhi ngemizuzu eyi-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngudokotela, umhlengikazi, noma umbelethisi. Umzamo wokuphefumula, umbala wesikhumba, ukucabanga, ithoni yemisipha, nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyahlolwa. Amaphuzu we-0, 1 noma amaphuzu we-2 anikezwa ipharamitha ngayinye bese engezwa. Umphumela wokuhlolwa uzoba isamba sesamba esingasuka ku-0 siye ku-10, kukhuphuka ngcono ukukhula kwengane. Amanani ajwayelekile kakhulu aphakathi kuka-7 no-9. 10 akuvamile, ngoba kuyinto evamile ukuthi izingane zilahlekelwe iphuzu elithile ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-7, ingane izodinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, yize kungasho ukuthi iyagula noma inezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-7 ajwayelekile ngemuva kokulethwa okunzima, okuyingozi enkulu, ukulethwa noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uzodinga umoya-mpilo kanye nemigwaqo yomoya ecacile ukukusiza uphefumule, kanye nokuvuselelwa komzimba ukwenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye ngokujwayelekile.
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Apgar ngumklami wayo, isazi sokubulala izinzwa UVirginia Apgar, othole ukubonga ngale ndlela yokunciphisa ukufa kwezinsana.
Ngabe ihlolwe kanjani imingcele?
Ku umzamo wokuphefumula, izosinika imiphumela yokuvuthwa nempilo yamaphaphu akho:
- Kuzoba ngu-0 uma ingane ingaphefumuli (i-apnea).
- 1 izonikezwa uma ingane iphefumula ngokungajwayelekile, iyahefuzela.
- Okwesibili kulapho ingane ikhala kakhulu.
Ngokuba ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kuhlolwe izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yengane.
- I-0 izoba ngamacala lapho ingane ingenakho ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Owokuqala uzoba lapho izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lingaphansi kokushaya okungu-1 ngomzuzu (izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lezingane lizoba likhulu kubantu abadala).
- Kuzoba yi-2 yezingane ezinenhliziyo eshaya ngaphezu kwama-100 beats ngomzuzu.
Ukuhlola i- ithoni yemisipha, Sizoba nemiphumela yokuqina kokunyakaza nokuthamba kwemilenze.
- Kuzonikezwa u-0 uma ingekho ithoni yemisipha.
- U-1 uzoba lapho kunethoni ethile yemisipha.
- Futhi i-2 lapho kutholakala ukunyakaza okusebenzayo.
Endabeni ingqondo, uzobona ukuphendula okuzenzekelayo nokungazibandakanyi kosana kuzinto ezithile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucabanga, njengoba kungaba njalo ukuncipha, ukuthimula, ukukhahlela, ukukhala nokucasuka.
- U-0 uzoba lapho ingane ingasabeli ezintweni ezishoshozelayo.
- Kuzonikezwa isilinganiso esingu-1 lapho umntwana osanda kuzalwa enza ubuso obuncane ebushushisweni.
- Futhi ngomhlaka 2 lapho ingane isabela ngamandla kuyo.
Ngokuba umbala wesikhumba, kubonakala izinga le-oxygenation. Lezi zikole zizoba zezabantwana abamhlophe. Endabeni yezingane ezimnyama, kuzobonwa eminye imingcele enjengezintende zezandla nezinyawo, amakhwekhwe, izindebe nolwelwesi lomlomo.
- I-0 yilapho umbala wesikhumba wengane unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- U-1 kulapho umzimba ubomvana kodwa imiphetho iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Futhi u-2 lapho wonke umbala wesikhumba sakhe ubomvana.
Kungani ukhumbula… lokhu kuhlolwa okulula kungasindisa izimpilo zezinsana eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa, futhi akusho ukuthi ingane enomphumela ophansi iyagula noma inezinkinga zesikhathi eside.