Sesivele ngokugcwele esikhathini se-fetusZonke izitho nezakhiwo zengane yethu zizoqhubeka zikhula futhi zivuthwe kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Yisigaba lapho abesifazane abaningi beqala ukuzizwa benamandla kakhulu, futhi yize iqhubu lingase lingasabonakali kahle, umzimba usuvele ubhekene nezinguquko zangaphakathi ezisobala kakhulu.
Umntwana wami ubukeka kanjani emavikini angu-16 ekhulelwe?
Kulesi sigaba sekuvele kukhona ukunyakaza okuhlelekile emilenzeni yakhofuthi kancane kancane ezandleni zakho. Ingane ingakwazi thulisa imilenzeVula futhi uvale izandla zakho bese uqala ukuthuthukisa ukubamba i-reflex, okuyenza ikwazi ukubamba izinyawo zayo, izandla zayo ngisho nenkaba.
Ingane eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala ivame ukubala cishe phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-11 kuya kwangama-13 nosizi oluzungezile 80-100 amagremuIfana kakhulu no-avokhado ngobukhulu. ikhanda nomzimba Ziqala ukulingana kakhudlwana: ikhanda alisakhuli kangako uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke, futhi izitho ziyanda futhi zichazwe kangcono.
Ekulinganisweni kwe-ultrasound, umuntu angahlola, isibonelo, ububanzi bekhanda le-biparietal (cishe ama-33 mm) kanye ubude be-femur (cishe amamilimitha angu-21). Lezi zinhlaka zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula kombungu kwanele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Isikhumba somntwana siyavela lanugoLezo zinwele ezinhle kakhulu, ezithambile ezimboza umzimba wonke futhi ezisiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba esingaphakathi koketshezi lwe-amniotic. I... iphethini yezinwele zekhandaNakuba kusazoshintsha kakhulu ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzipho zeminwe nezinzwane futhi ziyathuthuka ukugoqa kwesikhumba ezintendeni zezandla neminwe, ngakho-ke umntwana usevele enayo izigxivizo zeminwe zakho.
Kuleli sonto isikhundla se- amehlo nezindlebeAmehlo abonakala egxile kakhulu ebusweni, futhi izindlebe ziphakama ziye endaweni yazo yokugcina. Amajwabu ahlala evaliwe, kodwa umntwana usevele wenza ukunyakaza. ukunyakaza kwamehlo okuhamba kancane bese iqala uku hambisa amehlo akho ukuhambahamba emuva naphambili, ukulungiselela ukubona ngaphandle kwesibeletho.
Amathambo engane yethu aqala inqubo ebizwa ukwenziwa. Le nqubo iqukethe ukwakheka kwangempela kwethambo.Kuze kube manje, uhlaka lwamathambo lomntwana lwakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-cartilage, futhi ngochungechunge lwezinqubo, la maseli aguquka abe isakhiwo esijwayelekile sethambo. Lesi yisikhathi lapho umntwana eqala khona... ukumunca inani elikhulu le-calcium ukuze uqinise amathambo akhoNgakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umama agcine ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ngesonto le-16, okulandelayo kuqala ukukhula kakhulu: amathambo endlebe futhi i imisipha yangemuva Zithola ubukhulu namandla. Lokhu kuvumela ingane ukuthi... phakamisa ikhanda lakho kangcono futhi wandise ikhono lakho lokwenza ukuphendula ezikhuthazweniNakuba engakakuzwa njengosana olusanda kuzalwa, useqala ukuba amandla okuzwa isikhulile futhi isilungiselela ukuqaphela imisindo nokudlidliza.
El uhlelo lokujikeleza Sekuvele kusebenza futhi inhliziyo ishaya igazi lomntwana uqobo. Kulesi sigaba, i-hematopoiesis, inqubo lapho izakhi zegazi (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, njll.) zakhiwa futhi zavuthwa ngayo.
Kwabesifazane, ama-ovari aqeda ukuhlukana.Esontweni le-16, sithola amangqamuzana esibelethweni azoba ama-oocyte, lapho amaqanda azokhishwa khona kuyo yonke impilo yakhe yokuzala, futhi okwamanje asenqubweni yokwakheka. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi Abesifazane bazalwa benenani lama-oocyte abazoba nawo kuyo yonke impilo yabo yokuzala.Nokho, ezinganeni, isende selihlukanise phambilinikodwa ngeke iqale ukukhiqiza isidoda kuze kube yilapho isithombo sithomba.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sithola izigaba ezine zokukhula kuye ngokukhula kwesisindo somntwana. Isonto le-16 liphawula ukuqala kwesigaba esilandelayo. Ukukhula okusheshisiwe, lapho umntwana wethu ezothola khona cishe Amagremu angu-85 ngesonto, cishe izophinda kabili isisindo sayo nosayizi wayo emasontweni azayo.
I-placenta isivele isebenza ngokugcwele, ukukhiqiza ama-hormone adingekayo ekukhuleni kwengane yethu kanye nokugcinwa kokukhulelwaNgaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengesihlungi sangempela esivumela umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ukuthi zidlulele embungwini futhi zisuse imfucuza.
Izimpawu kumama emavikini angu-16
Ngokuvamile Isicanucanu sesiphelile manje futhi isikhathi sokuthula siqala Ngalowo mqondo. Bavame ukuphikelela umuzwa wokugcwala ngemva kokudlakanye ne ukuqunjelwaLokhu kungenxa yesenzo sama-hormone kanye nokucindezela kwesibeletho emathunjini. Cishe kakhulu ukungakhululeki ngaphansi kwesisu Sezinyamalele cishe, yize ungase uqaphele ukuqina okuthile ngenxa yokwelulwa kwemisipha.
El ubukhulu besibeletho Iyakhula ngokuphawulekayo, futhi iphuzu layo eliphakeme kakhulu lingazwakala phakathi kwethambo le-pubic kanye nenkaba. Lokhu kungabangela umuzwa wokuthi ubunzima esiswini esingezansi futhi encane ukubhoboza ohlangothini Lokhu kungenzeka uma welula noma ushintsha indawo. Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi imisipha yesibeletho iyashintsha futhi ngokuvamile akusho lutho olungathi sÃna.
Uzoqhubeka nokulala ngendlela ehlukile. Awulali kabi, ulala njengowesifazane okhulelwe.Amahora amathathu noma amane ekuqaleni kobusuku, futhi ngemva kokuvuka izikhathi eziningana uye endlini yokugezela, ulala ngokushesha. Abesifazane abaningi bathola lokho Ukulala ngohlangothi lwakho, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxeleUkulala phansi nomcamelo phakathi kwamadolo akho nomunye ngaphansi kwesisu sakho kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphumula nokujikeleza kwegazi.
Kuvamile ukuqaphela ukwanda kwesifiso sokudlangoba umntwana ukhule kakhulu futhi udinga amandla amaningi. Kungakhula futhi ubukhulu besifuba kanye nokuzwela, kanye nokubukeka kwe izinsini ezivuvukile noma eziphuma igaziNgakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ngokuhlanzeka komlomo. Izifo ezifana nalezi: i-caries yamazinyo futhi i i-sepsis yomlomo Zivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi izikhungo eziningi zezempilo zinezinhlelo ezithile zokuhlolwa kwempilo yomlomo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele noma ziqhubeke kulesi sigaba, njenge ubuhlungu emuva, umuzwa we imilenze ekhathele, varicose emithanjeni noma izinhlungu zasebusuku. Umkhuba wokwenza ukuzivocavoca ngokulinganisela Ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, kanye ne-yoga yokukhulelwa kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu emhlane ongezansi, kanye nokulawula ukukhuluphala. Kuhlale kunconywa ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
Ngokuvamile, Saqala ukuzizwa singcono futhi sakhathazeka kancaneSiqala ukujabulela ukukhulelwa, sinamandla engeziwe kanye nesimo sengqondo esingcono. Abanye besifazane baze bakhulume ngokuthi “ukukhanya okukhethekile kokukhulelwa", njengoba ukugeleza kwegazi okwandisiwe kanye namafutha esikhumba kunganikeza isikhumba ukubukeka okukhanyayo nokucwebezelayo, yize amabala (melasma) noma ukuqubuka kwama-acne amancane kungavela."
Nakuba umntwana enyakaza kakhulu, kusenesikhathi kakhulu ukuqaphela ukunyakaza ngokucacile.Cishe bazokutshela ukuthi kufanele ube usuzizwa manje, kodwa ungalaleli: ingane isencane futhi, ikakhulukazi ekukhulelweni kokuqala, ukunyakaza kokuqala kungazwakala sengathi amabhamuza, amagesi, noma ukubhaxabula kwebhabhathane futhi zivame ukuvela phakathi kwamasonto angu-16 no-20.
Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa esontweni le-16
Ngalesi sikhathi Sizobe sesinomphumela wokugcina wokuhlolwa kathathu nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA yesisu Uma sesikwenzile. Ngenxa yalezi zivivinyo, ingozi engaba khona yokuthi ingane ibe nanoma yiziphi izimo ingalinganiswa. ukuguqulwa kwe-chromosomeNgokusekelwe emiphumeleni kanye nomlando wezokwelapha, uchwepheshe uzohlola ukuthi ngabe kudingeka yini ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Phakathi kwamasonto angu-16 no-18 kuvamile ukunikeza ukuhlolwa kwekota yesibili noma ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu eziningi. Ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukunqunywa kwe i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) kanye nama-hormone ahlukahlukene okukhulelwa egazini likamama. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuncishisiwe kwezinye izindlela ngenxa yenani lemiphumela engamanga, isalokhu iyithuluzi elihlanganisa neminye imininingwane, elinikeza isiqondiso ngengozi yokuba ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube o ama-syndromes e-chromosomeKubalulekile njalo ukuxoxa ngalokhu okulandelayo nochwepheshe. izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yokuhlolwa ngakunye.
Uma kungakaze kwenziwe ngaphambili, kungabhekwa futhi njenge- ukuhlolwa kwe-bacterial asymptomaticUkutheleleka komgudu womchamo kuvame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezicacile. Ukukuthola nokukwelapha kusenesikhathi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.
Abesifazane abaningi basebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuze bathole inqubo. i-ultrasound eyengeziwe, ngezinye izikhathi ezikhungweni ezizimele, ukuze bafunde ngakho ubulili bezingane Uma indawo yombungu ivuma. Kusukela esontweni le-16 kuqhubeke, izitho zangasese zowesilisa noma zowesifazane zangaphandle ngokuvamile zingabonakala kahle, yize ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ulinde isikhashana ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
I-Amniocentesis
Kuyisivivinyo esihlaselayo okugcinelwe amacala lapho ingozi yokuguqulwa kwe-chromosome noma izakhi zofuzo ibalulekile, noma uma kwelulekwa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini noma umlando womndeni.
Kwenzelwe i- susa inani elincane le-amniotic fluidBese kuthi, amaseli we-fetus futhi i-DNA yabo iyahlaziywa. I-karyotype yomntwana iyenziwa futhi ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosome akutholakali. enombolweni noma ngesimo sama-chromosome. Ukuhlolwa kuvumela umuntu ukuthi azi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ubulili bezingane.
Ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo, bazokwenza i-ultrasound ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sinesifo esingakanani. i-placenta, umntwana kanye ne-umbilical cordUkuhlolwa kwenziwa nge ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-ultrasound ukukhetha indawo ephephile yokubhoboza. Benza ukubhoboza esiswini baze bafike esikhwameni se-amniotic; Kubalulekile ukuthula kakhulu. ukuze kube lula inqubo.
Noma kunjalo imiphumela yokugcina ithatha amaviki ambalwaEmahoreni angu-48 noma angu-72, isilinganiso sokuqala somphumela sivame ukutholakala kusetshenziswa amasu asheshayo. I-Amniocentesis ngokuyinhloko ivimbela ukungalingani enanini kanye nesimo sama-chromosome.nakuba ezimweni ezithile ingacwaninga nezinye izifo ezithile zofuzo.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kubalulekile ukuba phumula izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathuKunconywa ukugwema ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, noma ukuvivinya umzimba okunamandla. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukulahlekelwa uketshezi, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze uhlolwe.
Kanye nalezi zivivinyo, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okuvamile ngokulinganisa umfutho wegazi, ukulawula isisindo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zivele.
Kulesi sigaba sokukhulelwa, iphesenti lokukhulelwa elicatshangelwayo ingozi enkulu Kuphansi kakhulu, kodwa uma kunezici ezengeziwe (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, ukukhulelwa okuningi, umlando wezinkinga, njll.) ukuqapha okuseduze nokuqondene nomuntu ngamunyengokuvakasha kaningi kanye nokuhlolwa nge-ultrasound ukuze kunakekelwe impilo kamama nengane.
Ukuphela kwalesi sigaba se-trimester yesibili kuvame ukubhekwa njengesikhathi esikhethekile kakhulu: ukukhulelwa kuba yinto ebonakala kakhulu, umntwana uyakhuluphala futhi anyakaze, kanti umama uvame ukuzizwa engcono ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Ukujabulela lesi sigaba, ukulandela izincomo zokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, kanye nokubhekana nanoma yimiphi imibuzo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kukusiza ukuthi uzizwele isonto le-16 ngokuthula kwengqondo okukhulu kanye nokuzethemba.