Umkhuhlane ezinganeni: ukwelashwa, ukunakekelwa, kanye nesikhathi sokukhathazeka

Kungazelelwe sibheka ingane yethu futhi sibona ukuthi inezihlathi ezibomvu. Sibeka isandla sethu ebunzini layo futhi izizwa ifudumele, futhi yenza ngendlela exakile. Sisheshe sithathe izinga lokushisa layo futhi ukwesaba kwethu kuyaqinisekiswa: inomkhuhlane.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-alamu ayakhala: Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngomkhuhlane wengane yami? Ingabe kufanele uphuthume uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo? Ingabe kufanele uhlale ekhaya ubukele? Mhlawumbe akuyona into enkulu kangako? Ukuqonda ukuthi umkhuhlane uyini, kungani uvela, nokuthi ungenza kanjani esimweni ngasinye kubalulekile ekunakekeleni izingane ngokuphepha nangokuthula kwengqondo.

Uyini umkhuhlane?

Yize izinga lokushisa komzimba womuntu kuyahluka ngesikhathi sosuku futhi kukhona umehluko kusuka komunye nomunye, kubhekwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomzimba wethu akumele yeqe ngama-37.5ºC uma siyikala ekhwapheni noma ku-38ºC uma siyikala ku-rectum.

Imfiva akusona isifo, kuyisibonakalisoLokhu kuyindlela umzimba wethu osabela ngayo, ngokuvamile ebangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngebhaktheriyanakuba kungavela futhi ngenxa yezinye izimbangela ezingavamile (ezinye izifo zokuvuvukala, imithi ethile noma, ngesimo esithambile, ngemva kweminye imigomo).

Umkhuhlane ngempela uyi- impendulo yokuzivikela yomzimba wethuezama ukuqeda lawo magciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Amagciwane avame ukukhula kangcono emazingeni okushisa aseduze nama-37ºC, ngakho-ke umzimba wethu uphakamisa izinga lawo lokushisa ukuze uqede izimbangela zomkhuhlane. ube nesikhathi esinzima sokuphila nokuzala kabusha emzimbeni wethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuhlane ubangela vuselela izivikelo zomzimba wethungoba lokho kunyuka kwezinga lokushisa yilokho kuvusa amasosha ethu omzimba ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi amhlophe engeziwe kanye nama-antibodies ngubani ozolwa nokuthelelekaNgakho-ke, nakuba kuyesabisa, umkhuhlane uyingxenye yenqubo yemvelo yokuzivikela futhi, ngokwawo, Ngokuvamile akuyona ingozi uma kusingathwa kahle.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umkhuhlane ngokwawo Akudali ukulimala kobuchopho noma ezinye izingozi ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuthi zifinyelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-42ºC, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu). Okufanele kusikhathaze ngempela ukuthi imbangela lokho kudala lowo mkhuhlane kanye isimo jikelele sengane.

Kunini lapho ingane ibhekwa khona njengonomkhuhlane?

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile liphakathi kuka- 36,5ºC kanye no-37,5ºCKuye ngesikhathi sosuku, umsebenzi wengane, noma izingubo ezigqokile, kubhekwa ukuthi kukhona umkhuhlane lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu:

• I-38ºC uma kulinganiswa ku-rectum (izinga lokushisa le-rectal).
• I-37,5ºC uma kulinganiswa emlonyeni (izinga lokushisa lomlomo).
• I-37,2-37,5ºC uma kulinganiswa ekhwapheni (izinga lokushisa le-axillary).

Emisebenzini yansuku zonke kanye nasemakhaya amaningi, kuvame kakhulu ukukhuluma ngomkhuhlane oqala kusukela I-38ºC lokushisa kwe-axillary, yize amanani angenhla asiza ukuqonda ukuthi kunomehluko omncane kuye ngokuthi isilinganiso sithathwa kuphi.

Ngaphansi kwalezo zibalo, kodwa ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi sikhuluma ngazo okweshumi noma umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi, ovame ukuhambisana nezinqubo ezincane noma ukuqala kokutheleleka, futhi ulawulwa kakhulu ngokubheka inhlalakahle jikelele yengane ngaphezu kwenani eliqondile eliku-thermometer.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zomkhuhlane ezinganeni

Imbangela evame kakhulu yomkhuhlane ezinganeni yi- ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuncaneEzimweni eziningi, lokhu kuba umkhuhlane, i-pharyngitis, i-bronchitis, i-otitis, noma i-gastroenteritis, eba nomkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu ezihlobene (ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, njll.). Ezinganeni ezincane, ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane ngamagciwane kungabangela umkhuhlane ophakeme.

Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane njengezifo ezithile zendlebe, i-pneumonia, izifo zomgudu womchamo, noma ezinye izifo ezitholakala endaweni ethile. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kuyadingeka yini.
• Imigomo yakamuvaKujwayelekile ukuthi lokhu kuvele ngemva kokugonywa okuthile. umkhuhlane ophansi noma umkhuhlane omncane amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile kuba okwesikhashana futhi kuhambisana nempilo enhle jikelele.
• Ukuzibamba amazinyoKulokhu, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane kakhulu futhi Akuvamile ukudlula u-37,7ºCUma kunomkhuhlane omkhulu, kuyalulekwa ukucabangela esinye isizathu.
• Izifo zokuvuvukala noma zokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, kanye nezinye izimila ezimbi Zingabangela umkhuhlane omude, yize zingavamile kakhulu.
• Eminye imithi, njengemithi ethile elwa namagciwane noma imithi ethile, kungabangela umkhuhlane njengomphumela ongemuhle.

Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yomkhuhlane ingaba akwaziwa ngokusheshaKuvamile ukuthi ingane ibe nomkhuhlane emahoreni okuqala angu-24-48 kuphela, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile (akukho ukukhwehlela, akukho uhudo, akukho ubuhlungu bendawo). Njengoba amahora edlula, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu, okusiza udokotela wezingane ukuthola imbangela.

Ukuthola umkhuhlane kulula kakhulu

Ngokubheka nje ingane, sivame ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ngisho nangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-thermometer, umzimba womntwana usitshela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. izinkomba ezicacile kakhulu:

Imvamisa ingane phefumula ngokushesha, inhliziyo yakho iyagijima, izihlathi zakho zibomvu, amehlo akhe akhanyayo... Sizoqaphela ukuthi Ayisebenzi kakhuluUyathuthumela futhi ekhononda ngokuphikelela ngokuthi uyabanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma Siqaphele ukuthi ibunzi lakhe lalishisa lapho silithinta., ngisho nomzimba nomhlane kungashisa kakhulu kuyilapho izandla nezinyawo kubanda.

Nakuba ukuthinta ibunzi kungase kubonise umkhuhlane, kuyanconywa ukunganqumi ngesandla sakho kuphela futhi njalo sebenzisa i-thermometer ukuqinisekisa lokho. Lokhu kusiza:

• Hlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona umkhuhlane noma ukushisa nje okubangelwa ukugqoka ngokweqile noma indawo eshisayo kakhulu.
• Bhalisa izibalo zokushisa kanye nokuvela kwayo, ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu kudokotela wezingane.
• Gwema ukwesaba okungenasisekelo lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme kancane.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane inemfiva noma cha, indlela engcono kunazo zonke sebenzisa i-thermometer enhle bese ulandela iziqondiso zokulinganisa ezifanele.

I-thermometer efanelekile yokukala umkhuhlane

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule bathathe umhlalaphansi ama-mercury thermometer akudala Zathathelwa indawo ezinye izinhlobo, ezaziphephile futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ngezansi sibuyekeza ezivame kakhulu.

Ama-thermometer edijithali

Ama-thermometer edijithali yiwona anconywa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ngokuvamile anembe kakhulu. okusheshayo nokunembileUkuma kwazo kufana nama-thermometer e-mercury, futhi indawo yazo yokukala amazinga okushisa iyafana. Zivame ukusetshenziswa thatha izinga lokushisa ekhwapheniyize kukhona amamodeli avumela ukuthi ithathwe nge-rectally noma ngomlomo.

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso esihle se-axillary, kutuswa ukuthi:

• Sula kahle ikhwapha lakho uma ujuluka, ukuze kucace ukuthi lifundeka kanjani. ethembekile ngokwengeziwe.
• Beka isihloko se-thermometer ngqo esikhumbeni, hhayi ezingutsheni.
• Gcina ingalo yengane iseduze nomzimba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca I-1-2 minutos noma ngisho nesignali yomsindo yedivayisi.

Ama-thermometer endlebe noma ebunzini kagesi

Ama-thermometer kagesi (ama-thermometer endlebeni noma e-infrared ebunzini) iwusizo kakhulu kubantu abadala noma ezinganeni ezindalangoba zikuvumela ukuthi ulinganise izinga lokushisa ngemizuzwana embalwa nje. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinganeni noma ezinganeni ezincane akukhuthazwa. akukhuthazwa kakhulu Kwamanye amamodeli, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi angalahlekelwa ukunemba uma engabekwanga kahle noma uma kukhona i-earwax noma ezinye izinto.

Intengo yazo ivame ukuba phezulu, futhi uma zisetshenziswa, kubalulekile landela imiyalelo ngokuqinile kusuka kumenzi ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okulinganisa.

Amapheshana epulasitiki ukukala izinga lokushisa esiphongweni

Zazithandwa kakhulu kudala, kodwa namuhla zibhekwa njengezinto ezidumile. akusizi kakhulu futhi akunembile nezeUkufundwa kwayo kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokushisa okujwayelekile noma ukujuluka kwesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa enye indlela., njenge-thermometer yedijithali evamile.

Ungabeka kuphi i-thermometer

Nakuba ungathatha izinga lokushisa emlonyeni, endunu, noma ekhwapheniEmvelweni yethu, into evame kakhulu awuthathe ekhwapheniNgingakuqinisekisa ukuthi, eminyakeni yami eminingi yolwazi kanye nokusebenza ezibhedlela ezahlukene, yilona kuphela izinga lokushisa elihlolwa njalo ngochwepheshe: izinga lokushisa le-axillary.

Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukugcina ingane ene-thermometer isesemlonyeni ngaphandle kokuyikhafula noma ukuyishaya ngamazinyo akho kunzima kakhulu Ukuhlola izinga lokushisa nge-rectal kuhilela ukubamba ingane i-thermometer endaweni yayo. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi umzabalazo esizoba nawo wokugcina ingane inganyakazi ungabangela ukuthi i-thermometer ingasebenzi kahle. ukufaka i-thermometer kude kakhulu endunu.

Ezinsaneni, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa elisesiswini kungaba usizo endaweni yokunakekelwa kwempilo nangaphansi kokuqashwa kochwepheshe, kodwa ngokuvamile kunconywa ukusetshenziswa ekhaya ukulinganisa i-axillary nge-thermometer yedijithali njengendlela ephephile futhi elula kakhudlwana.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyadingeka yini ukwelapha umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane uphawu, hhayi isifo. Ngakho-ke okumele sibhekane nakho isifo esibangela umkhuhlane futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i ukungakhululeki kwengane.

I-Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) incoma ukwelashwa kwemfiva kuphela uma kubangela ukungakhululeki enganeniUma kungenjalo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungabaniki imithi kanye Vumela umkhuhlane wenze umsebenzi wawo njengendlela yokuzivikela.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuphoqelekile ukuzama ukwehlisa ngisho nengxenye yeshumi yephuzu. Uma ingane iyasebenza, idlala, ihlala inamanzi amaningi Futhi uma ebonakala engakhululekile, ngisho noma enomkhuhlane omncane, angabonwa ngaphandle kwemithi. Kodwa-ke, uma ephethwe yikhanda, izinhlungu zemisipha, ecasuka kakhulu, noma enenkinga yokulala, khona-ke kunengqondo ukusebenzisa izinto zokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ngemithi yomkhuhlane. Azelaphi ukutheleleka.Zisiza ingane kuphela ukuthi izizwe ingcono ngenkathi amasosha omzimba wayo enza umsebenzi wayo. Kuvamile ukuthi umkhuhlane ubuye uma imithi isiphelile, ikakhulukazi emahoreni okuqala angu-12-24 okutheleleka. Akudingeki ukuthi zinikezwe njalo uma ingane izolile phakathi kwemithamo.

Izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ekhaya uma ingane inomkhuhlane

Uma kuvela umkhuhlane, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukudala indawo ezokwenza kube lula induduzo yengane futhi usize umzimba wakho ulwe nalesi sifo. Lezi yizinyathelo eziyinhloko:

1. Izingubo nesimo

• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane ukhululekile futhi ngendlela othanda ngayoUngamgqokisi ngokweqile; izingubo eziningi kakhulu zenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.
• Gcina i- izinga lokushisa elithambile ekamelweni lomntwana, ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokushisa okuqondile.
• Kungcono ukuba nengane ene- izingubo ezilula noma ngisho nezingubo ezincane, ikakhulukazi uma umkhuhlane uphezulu, ukukhuthaza ukususwa kokushisa.

2. Ukufakwa kwamanzi

Mnike amanzi noketshezi njalo, njengoba umkhuhlane umenza afune... Ulahlekelwa uketshezi futhi ungaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.. Ezinye izinketho:

• Ukuncelisa ibele noma ukuncelisa ngebhodlela uma kudingeka ezinganeni ezincane.
• Amanzi, imihluzi ethambile, noma izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni zabantu asebekhulile.
• Gwema iziphuzo ezinoshukela noma ezivuselelayo, ezinganikezi amanzi anele.

Ungakuphoqeleli kakhulu, kodwa nikeza ingane iziphuze kancane njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ingane Akakuthandi ukudla. noma uhlanze.

3. Izindlu zangasese kanye nezilinganiso zomzimba

Ukubageza kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha izingane ezinomkhuhlane. Akuyona into embi, kodwa Akudingeki ukumgeza ngamanzi abandayoKungcono ukuyicwilisa isikhashana emanzini afudumele bese njalo kugadwe umuntu omdalaAmanzi kufanele abe mayelana Amadigri ama-2 ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lomzimbaAkukaze kuqandiswe, ukuze kugwenywe ukubanda okungadala ukushisa okwengeziwe.

Zingasetshenziswa futhi izindwangu ezifudumele nezimanzi ebunzini, entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma emisipheni. Okunganconywayo yilokhu:

• Usar izindwangu ezinotshwalangoba zingamuncwa ngesikhumba futhi zibe yingozi.
• Ungafaki amanzi abandayo kakhulu noma iqhwa, ngoba kubangela ukuminyana kwegazi kanye nokubanda, okwenza kube nzima ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa.
• Gwema ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe; ukwehla kufanele kube kancane kancane.

4. Ukudla okunempilo nokuphumula

Uma ingane inomkhuhlane, kuyinto evamile ukuthi idla kancaneAsikho isidingo sokuphoqelela ukudla; ​​okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi Phuza uketsheziUkudla okulula nokugayeka kalula kunganikezwa uma uthanda (ama-puree abushelelezi, izithelo, iyogathi, njll.).

Yenza kube lula ukuphuka Kubalulekile. Vumela ingane ilale isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile uma kudingeka futhi uvumelanise imisebenzi yosuku: imidlalo ethule, ukufunda, ukudweba... Ukulalela umzimba kusiza ekululameni okusheshayo.

5. Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala

Uma ingane awuzizwa kahle noma umkhuhlane uphezuluUngabanika umuthi wokunciphisa izinhlungu kanye nowokunciphisa umkhuhlane. Osetshenziswa kakhulu yi... paracetamol noma i ibuprofen (lokhu kokugcina kukhonjisiwe kuphela) ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha).

Izincomo ezibalulekile:

• Usar imithamo enconyiwe kuphela ngudokotela wezingane, kubalwa ngokwesisindo somntwana.
• Hlonipha njalo izikhawu phakathi kwezithombenoma ngabe umkhuhlane uphinda uvele ngokushesha.
• Nikeza imithi noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona ngomlomoIndlela yokungena emhlane igcinelwe izimo lapho ingane ingakwazi ukubekezelela noma yini ngomlomo.
• Akunconywa ukuthi ungayishintshi yomibili le mithi ngasikhathi sinye ukwehlisa umkhuhlane. Lo mkhuba wandisa ingozi yokudideka futhi imiphumela emibi eminingi iyavela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwehlisa umkhuhlane akubalulekile Uma ingane iphilile. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa thuthukisa induduzo, hhayi ukwenza i-thermometer ibe ngokwejwayelekile ngazo zonke izindleko.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wezingane?

Kunezimo lapho, noma ngabe ingane ayibonakali igula kakhulu, kungcono ukuthi ihlolwe udokotela wezingane emahoreni ambalwa alandelayo. Kufanele uthintane nodokotela uma:

• Umkhuhlane uhlala amahora angaphezu kwama-48-72 ngaphandle kokugxila okucacile noma ngaphandle kokuthuthuka.
• Uma unayo Izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyi-3 futhi ukushisa kwalo kudlula u-39 ºC noma uma kune-40 ºC nanoma yimuphi unyaka.
• Ingane impela ukucasuka noma ukozela, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
• Uma uphansi naphezu kokwehla komkhuhlanenoma ukhala kakhulu, engaduduzeki, noma ecasuka kakhulu.
• Umfana unayo ukubukeka kabi noma ukuphefumula okuncane (ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu, kuvela izimbambo, kububula, noma isikhumba sicwila phakathi kwezimbambo noma entanyeni).
• Lapho wenqaba ifayela le- ukudla noma uketshezi ngokuphikelela.
• Uma uthola i- ukuqubuka kwesikhumbaamabala abomvu noma ansomi, noma imivimbo eyayingekho ngaphambili.
• Uma ingane inayo engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudalaKunoma ikuphi, uma unomkhuhlane, kufanele uhlolwe uchwepheshe wezempilo.

Kunconywa futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ingane ihlushwa yini yinoma yikuphi ukugula okungamahlalakhona okungathi sína noma unayo izinkinga ngokuzivikela (ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, ukwelashwa kokucindezela amasosha omzimba…), ngoba ngisho nokutheleleka okubonakala kuncane kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Futhi noma nini lapho umqondo wakho ovamile uphakamisa khona. Khumbula ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukuthola incazelo yomkhuhlane wengane yakho, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola isimo futhi bakunike iseluleko.

Ngabe kufanele ngikuse ku-ER?

Kunjalo...uma kuvela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo eziyisixwayiso, ezingase zibonise ukuthi ukutheleleka kubi kakhulu noma kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo:

• Ukushisa ngenhla kuka-40ºC kugcinwa lokho akuvumeli izinyathelo ezivamile.
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu lapho izingane zethu zinakho noma yisiphi isifo esingelapheki esibi (isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu esibi, isifo sezinzwa esiyinhloko, umdlavuza, izinkinga ezinkulu zesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba…).
• Intamo eqinileUbunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho ugoba intamo. Uma ungaqiniseki, cela ingane yakho ukuthi bheka inkaba yakhoUma umuntu engakwazi ukwenza lokho, sithi unesihlungu sentamo. Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane ubangela ukuqina kwe-nuchal okungamangaKodwa uma umkhuhlane usuphelile futhi ingane ingakwazi ukubuka inkaba yayo Kufanele uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo..
• Amabala esikhumba abomvu newayini noma ansomi lokho Azipheli lapho isikhumba seluliwe noma ngokucindezela ngengilazi.
• Kade kwaba okokuqala ngqa ukuquleka okuhambisana nomkhuhlane, noma okuveza noma yisiphi isiqephu sokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ukhala ngokuthi ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu okuhambisana nokuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe noma ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni.
• Phefumula nge ubunzima obukhulungemisindo engavamile, izimbambo noma isisu sabo siyacwila lapho bephefumula, noma umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonakala ezindebeni noma ebusweni babo.
• I-Presenta ukuhlanza okungapheli noma isifo sohudo esingathuthuki futhi esingaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha.

Yize kwesinye isikhathi isinqumo sokuya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo sinzima impela, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono "Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha"Uma ungabaza, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, kungcono ukuba nochwepheshe ozohlola ingane futhi aqinisekise ukuthi isimo sizolile.

Ukuba nolwazi olucacile mayelana Uyini umkhuhlane, indlela yokuwulinganisa kahle, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze kuzo zonke izimo Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nalezi zigameko ngokuthula okukhulu. Ukuqaphela isimo sengane esijwayelekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithola amanzi futhi iduduzekile, ukusebenzisa izinto zokunciphisa umkhuhlane ngendlela efanele, kanye nokwazi ukuthi kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezingane noma uye nini ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo kubalulekile ekuphatheni umkhuhlane ezinganeni ngokuphepha nangokuzethemba.