Noma i-dyslexia iyi- inkinga yokufunda ejwayelekile, ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi ayiyazi. Ingane ngayinye ene-dyslexia inezinga layo. Akuwona wonke ama-dyslexia ane-dyslexic ngezinga elifanayo nangendlela efanayo. Sifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngezinhlobo noma izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwalesi sifo sokufunda, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani naso ngokuya ngokuthi sinye yini noma esinye.
Sizoqala ngokuthi i-dyslexia itholakele, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngesikhathi sesigaba sesikole, futhi kuthinta izinqubo zokufunda, ezigcina zinemiphumela futhi zivimba izinqubo zokubhala. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ze-dyslexia, singazihlukanisa ngemvelaphi yazo, noma ngezindlela ezithinta isikhathi sokufunda.
Izinhlobo ze-dyslexia: lexical, phonological, noma zombili
Lapho umfana noma intombazane ifunda ukufunda, uyakwenza lokho indlela eqondile noma ebonakalayo yokufunda kanye nendlela engaqondile noma yefonotiki. Ngakho-ke kungathinta enye yalezi zindlela zokufunda, noma zombili. Ngokusho kwalokhu, singahlukanisa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-dyslexia:
- I-dyslexia lexical noma phezulu noma okubukwayo. Ingane inenkinga yokufunda amagama angajwayelekile. Okungukuthi, amagama angajwayelekile, anemithetho ekhethekile yokubhala, ekude nemodeli ejwayelekile. Endabeni yeSpanish, isibonelo esivamile isenzo esingajwayelekile.
- I-dyslexia ifonotiki. Kulokhu ubunzima obuyinhloko ukufunda ama-pseudowords. Okusho ukuthi, umfana noma intombazane iqamba amagama angekho. Noma udida amagama anomsindo ofanayo bese weqa izinhlamvu lapho ufunda. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-dyslexia yolimi lokuzwa, futhi imvamisa ivela ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-12.
- I-dyslexia ejulile. Kuyinto ebucayi kakhulu futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-dyslexia exubile. Indlela ethinteke kakhulu yokufunda yifonological, ayinakusetshenziswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, leyo ebonakalayo egcinwa kancane iyona esetshenziswa yingane. Ingane izoba nobunzima obukhulu ekufundeni noma yiliphi igama, futhi ukuqonda kwayo kokufunda kuyiziro.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngemvelaphi
Umbandela wesibili osetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ze-dyslexia ngokuya ngemvelaphi yawo. Kulokhu sikhuluma nge-dyslexia yentuthuko noma i-dyslexia etholakele.
- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo noma intuthuko. Unemvelaphi ayaziwa, kepha kubonakala sengathi ihlobene ne- ukuguqulwa kofuzo nokulibaziseka kokuvuthwa. Kwenzeka kusukela ekuzalweni, kepha kuqala ukutholwa lapho ingane iqala ukufunda ukufunda. Kuvame kakhulu kune-dyslexia etholakele. Ezilimini ezi-opaque, okungukuthi, lezo lapho ukungezwani kwencwadi yokuxhumana ye-grapheme-phoneme kukhulu, kusekhona amacala amaningi ezingane ezine-dyslexia.
- Kutholakele. Kukhiqizwa ukulimala kobuchopho okuthinta indawo eyodwa noma eziningi zobuchopho, ezibandakanyeka ezinhlelweni zokufunda nokubhala. Ngokuya ngeminyaka yengane ngesikhathi sokulimala, i-plasticity yayo yobuchopho, kanye nokukhuthazeka kwengqondo akutholayo kuzoba nzima kakhulu, futhi kube okwesikhashana.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezinhlobo ze-dyslexia
Kuyathakazelisa hlukanisa i-dyslexia ekubambezelekeni kokufunda, noma ukuphazamiseka kolimi okuqondile, noma ukubambezeleka kokuvuthwa okungaba nengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezine-ADHD noma enye i-pathology noma ukukhubazeka okungabandakanya kufanele kubhekwe ubunzima ngesikhathi sokuthola ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala.
Ngokwenzayo, abazali nothisha banconywa ukuthi ungabizi noma iyiphi i-dyslexia yokuphazamiseka noma ubunzima ekufundeni ukufunda. Kunezivivinyo ezithile ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni ingane engaba nalo. Futhi kunconywa ukuya kuchwepheshe futhi ungathembeli kuphela kumaphrofayli noma ngezigaba zethiyori.
Ingane ngayinye ene-dyslexia iveza izimpawu ezithile, ezenza ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ethinteka kakhulu futhi ivumelanise ukungenelela kulezo zinkinga ezithile. Izindlela ezintsha zokufundisa nezindlela zokufundisa ekufundeni zenziwe ezinikeza izingane ezine-dyslexic the amathuluzi adingekayo ukuqhubekela phambili ngokujwayelekile empilweni yabo yokufunda.