Ukuqeda lesi sigaba, sibeke lesi sitho ekugcineni kwesibalo hhayi ngoba singabalulekile kangako. Isikhumba yiso kuphela isitho esizobakhona emzimbeni wonke wengane nokuthi, njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye, kufanele sisinakekele ukuze sikhule sibe sihle futhi sibe nempilo.
Isikhumba:
Lapho nje ingane izelwe, siyabona ukuthi icwiliswe kuketshezi oluhlukahlukene olufaka i-amniotic fluid futhi kuvame ukuba ligazi. Abasebenzi abazokusiza lapho ubeletha bazothatha ingane baqhubeke nokuyihlanza bese bayomisa ukuze ingane ingahlaselwa ukushisa okungazelelwe kokushisa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nazo zizalwa zimbozwe ngento emhlophe eshubile futhi enamathelayo ebizwa nge- "vernix caseosa." Lolu ketshezi lwakhiwa uketshezi olusebenzayo kanye namaseli we-epithelial akhubazekile avela embungwini uqobo. Lolu ketshezi luyasuswa ngokugeza kokuqala kwengane.
Umbala wesikhumba osanda kuzalwa ungethusa abazali. Kwesinye isikhathi isikhumba sivame ukuba namabala, iphethini yezindawo ezincane eziphaphathekile ezibomvu. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ngenxa yokungazinzi kokujikeleza kwegazi ebusweni besikhumba. Futhi bangaba ne- "acrocyanosis," okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasezindebeni. Enye into ejwayelekile kakhulu yi- "patella", ama-specks amancane abomvu abangelwa yi-intradermal noma i-subcutaneous hemorrhages. Zonke zidalwa ukuhlukumezeka okuhambisana nokudlula emseleni omncane wokuzalwa noma yingcindezi etholakala nge-forceps kwesinye isikhathi okumele isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Zonke ziyaphola futhi zinyamalale phakathi nesonto lokuqala noma amabili okuphila.
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bobabili ubuso, amahlombe kanye nangemuva kwengane esanda kuzalwa kumbozwe izinwele ezinhle nezithambile, ezibizwa nge- «lanugo». Iningi le-lanugo lilahleka ngaphakathi kwesibeletho ngaphambi kokuba umama abelethe, ngakho-ke i-lanugo kungenzeka ibonakale ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokufanayo, uma une-lanugo, izolahleka ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa wokuphila.
Ingqimba yesikhumba sengane esanda kuzalwa izokhipha phakathi kwesonto lokuqala nelesibili lokuphila. Kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele futhi ayidingi ukwelashwa.
Izimpawu zokuzalwa, ezibomvana noma ezibomvu, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-salmon patches noma i-hemangioma eyisicaba, zivamile futhi zivame ukunyamalala ngonyaka wokuqala.
Izindawo zeSacral noma zaseMongolia ziyizindawo ezicabalele zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zitholakala ngemuva noma ezinqeni. Azibalulekile futhi cishe zihlala zilahlekelwa ngamandla kuze kube ziyanyamalala phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila.
Ama-hemillomas ama-capillary noma ama-sitrobheli abomvu, avelele, anezimpawu zokuzalwa ezinemibala ekhohlakele ezibangelwa amasethi ama-capillaries ahlanzekile. Lawa mamaki angahle abe nombala okhanyayo lapho ezalwa kepha ajike abe bomvu futhi ande ngosayizi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Ngemuva kwalokho zivame ukuncipha futhi zinyamalale ngaphandle kokwelashwa phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha yokuqala.
Amachashazi afana newayini lasePort, amakhulu, ayisicaba futhi anombala onsomi, awazihambeli ngokwawo. Njengoba bekhula, kubalulekile ukubhekela ekwelashweni kwesikhumba, uma kuyidinga ngobuhle.
Izindawo zeCafé-au-lait, ezibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yombala wazo onsundu okhanyayo, zikhona esikhunjeni sezinye izingane. Umbala wazo ungaqina (noma ungavela okokuqala) lapho ingane ikhula. Imvamisa azibalulekile ngaphandle kokuthi zikhulu noma ingane inezitho eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu emzimbeni, ezingakhombisa ukuba khona kwezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
Ama-moles ajwayelekile ansundu noma amnyama, abizwa ngokuthi i-pigmented nevus, nawo angaba khona kusukela ekuzalweni noma avele noma aqine ngombala njengoba ingane ikhula. Izinsumpa ezinkulu noma ezibukeka ngendlela exakile kufanele zihlolwe ngudokotela wesikhumba ngoba ezinye zidinga ukususwa.
Kukhona ukuqubuka okungenangozi kanye nezinkinga ezincane zesikhumba ezingaba khona kusukela ekuzalweni noma zivele emasontweni ambalwa okuqala. Induna yama-Miliyali, ebizwa nangokuthi “milio”, iqukethe amaqhuqhuvana amancane, ayisicaba, aphuzi noma amhlophe anamachaphaza nekhala nesilevu. Kubangelwa ukunqwabelana kwezimfihlo ezivela kwizindlala zesikhumba futhi kunyamalale phakathi namasonto okuqala okuphila.
Naphezu kwegama laso lezokwelapha elihehayo, ubuthi be-erythema nakho kungukuqubuka okungenangozi okwenziwa ezinye izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Inamabala abomvu anezindwangu ezikhanyayo noma eziphuzi phakathi nendawo, ezifana namabhamuza. Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuvela phakathi nosuku lokuqala noma ezimbili zokuphila futhi kunyamalale ngesonto.
I-jaundice engakazalwa, okungukuthi, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye ne-sclera (abamhlophe bamehlo), yisifo esivamile esivame ukungaveli kuze kube usuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lokuphila futhi sinyamalale kumaviki awu-1 kuya kwangu-2. I-jaundice ibangelwa ukuqoqwa kwe-bilirubin (umkhiqizo odoti okhiqizwa ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi) egazini, esikhunjeni, nakwezinye izicubu, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwesikhashana kwesibindi somntwana esisanda kuzalwa ukususa le nto. umzimba. Yize i-jaundice ethile ijwayelekile futhi ilindelekile, uma usana olusanda kuzalwa lunenkinga ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebesilindelwe noma izinga lalo le-bilirubin liphakeme kunokujwayelekile, udokotela wezingane kufanele anikeze ukuqapha okusondele.