Sesikhulume kaningi ngama-greats Izinzuzo zokuncelisaikakhulukazi kusuka ku- ukuncelisa isikhathi eside ukuncelisa ibele kuphela. Izifundo eziningi zenziwe kulokhu futhi, kuze kube manje, konke okutholakele kwakuyizinzuzo. Kodwa-ke manje ucwaningo luthi ubisi lwebele ludlulisa izinto ezinobuthi ezinganeni ezincelisayo.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuchaza iziphetho zalolu cwaningo, ngifuna ukukucacisa lokho Lokhu okuthiwa ubuthi akubangelwa ubisi ngokwalo, kodwa ngenxa yomthwalo wamakhemikhali emvelo. wemikhiqizo nezinto esichayeke kuzo sonke. Ngokombono wami, lolu lwazi alwesabisi ngokweqile, okungenani hhayi ngaphezu kwedatha etholwe ngokutadisha ngokucophelela ubuthi bemikhiqizo esizungezile, kuqala ngamanzi ompompi. Uma sikhathalela ngempela lolu daba, ngikubheka njengokubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela inani izithasiselo, ama-colorants namafutha e-hydrogenated esikudlayo futhi okufinyeleleka kubantwana. Kodwa ake sikhulume ngocwaningo. Qhubeka ufunda, ngoba kuwufanele.
Ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto ezine-perfluorinated kutholwe obisini lwebele
Iqembu labacwaningi baseBoston University e-United States likukhombisile lokho ezinye izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezibizwa nge-perfluorinated carbons (PFCs) noma i-PFAS, ekhona emikhiqizweni yokuwasha kanye nengeyona induku futhi evame ukungena emzimbeni ngamanzi nokudla, Zingadluliselwa futhi zisuka komama ziye ezinganeni ngokuncelisa..
Lawa ma-ejenti avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-detergents, ama-solvents, embonini ye-Teflon yezitsha zasekhishini, ku-Velcro, ngisho nakwamanye ama-wrappers noma iziqukathi. Lawa ma-ejenti uma ehlangana namanzi nokudla, agcine engena emzimbeni kubangela izinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, lokuzala kanye ne-endocrine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ziyinhlanganisela eziphikelelayo kanye ne-bioaccumulative, ngakho ukugxila kwayo kungase kukhule njengoba inyusa uchungechunge lokudla.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukungcola okuningi okuncibilika kumafutha kulinganiswa kalula obisini lwebele, lokhu Isetshenziswa njenge-biomarker yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Eqinisweni, ingenye yezinkomba ezikhethwe yiNgqungquthela yaseStockholm Yokungcolisa Okuqhubekayo Kwezinto Eziphilayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kwezinyathelo zokunciphisa emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, Akunconywa ukuhlaziya amasampula obisi ngamanye njengesisekelo sokunquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini nokuncelisa ibele noma cha, ngaphandle uma kukhona izinsolo ezicacile zokuchayeka okunamandla okuhambisana nezimpawu.
Nokho, imiphumela yalo msebenzi eyanyatheliswa kumagazini Isayensi Yezemvelo Nobuchwepheshe, khombisa ukuthi ubukhona be-PFCs inyuka ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 inyanga ngayinye ezinganeni ezincela ibele.
“Besazi ukuthi amanani amancane ama-PFC angavela obisini lwebele, kepha ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulandelanayo esikwenzile manje kwembula. ukunqwabelana kwezingane ngenkathi encela«, kusho u-Philippe Grandjean, umcwaningi e-Harvard Chan School futhi ongomunye wababhali bomsebenzi kanye namanyuvesi ase-Danish kanye ne-Faroese Hospital System (Faroe Islands).
Ukufinyelela le miphumela, abacwaningi benze a ukulandelwa kwezingane ezingama-81 ezizalwe e-Faroe Islands, ehlaziya ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-PFC egazini lawo lapho ezalwa nakuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlola ezihlukahlukene phakathi nenkathi yobuntwana. Baphinde babheka amazinga alezi zingxube komama bezingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuqoqwa kobuthi kuyanda njengoba ukuncelisa ibele kukhula isikhathi eside
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ezinganeni ezazinceliswa ibele kuphela, ukugxila kwama-PFC egazini kukhuphuke phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangama-30 inyanga ngayinye. Endabeni yezingane ezixubene ne-lactation, lokhu kugxila akuzange kukhule kangako.
Ososayensi baveza ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ekupheleni kokuncelisa. Amazinga e-PFC ku-serum yezingane adlula lawo komama bazoKodwa-ke, uhlobo olulodwa lwenhlanganisela, ikakhulukazi i-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHx), alukhuphuki ngokuncelisa ibele. Nakuba imiphumela yocwaningo iphakamisa ukuthi ubisi lwebele luwumthombo obalulekile wokuchayeka ebuntwaneni, Lapho ukuncelisa kumisiwe, ukugxila kwe-PFC kuncipha Ezinganeni.
Kusemqoka ukufaka lezi zithole umongo wobufakazi bomhlaba wonke:
- Ukuchayeka ngaphambi kokubeletha kuvame ukunquma impilo yezingane kunaleyo etholwe ngobisi lwebele. I-placenta kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus kumelela amawindi okuba sengozini enkulu.
- Ubisi lwebele luqukethe Izici zokuvikela (i-immunological and nutritional) engakwazi phikisa imiphumela kusukela ekuchayekeni ngaphambi kokubeletha kuya ezintweni ezingcolisayo.
- Ngisho nasezindaweni ezingcolile, ukuncelisa ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela engcono ukuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nokondliwa kokwenziwa, njengoba kuboniswa izifundo ezihlukahlukene zokubuka.
Ezinye izibonelo zemifanekiso ezichazwe yimibhalo yesayensi: iye yabonwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okungcono ezinganeni ezincela ibele ngaphambi kokubeletha ezichayeke kuma-PCB nama-dioxin uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo amafomula ancelisayo; amaqoqo achayeke kakhulu kuma-organochlorine akhombisa lokho Ukuncelisa ibele kunomphumela ovikelayo ekukhuleni kwengqondo nemisipha; futhi, lapho kuqhathaniswa izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezinokuchayeka okufanayo kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuma-PCB, labo abatholile ukuncelisa isikhathi eside Abazange bethule ukulibaziseka kwemizwa okutholwe ekunceliseni okufushane noma ekunceliseni okwenziwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula lokho Amafomula osana angase futhi aqukathe imikhondo zezinto ezingafuneki futhi zidinga inqubo yezimboni eyinkimbinkimbi lapho ukungcola kwamakhemikhali nokwebhayoloji kuye kwachazwa. Isu lezempilo lomphakathi elingcono kakhulu nciphisa ukuchayeka kukonke komama nezingane, ungakukhuthazi ukuncelisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenziseka kalula kobisi lwebele njenge-matrix yokuqapha ukungcola akufanele kuholele ekuhumusheni kabi: Kukhona amanye amasampula awusizo njenge-meconium noma izinwele. Futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulinganisa, Akufanelekile ukuhlola ubisi lukamama oluthile. ukunquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini nokuncelisa, ngaphandle uma kukhona izinsolo ezicacile zobuthi noma ukuchayeka emsebenzini.
Ukuncelisa ibele okungenabuthi
Njengoba ngakutshela ekuqaleni, Ubuthi ekunceliseni ibele kungenxa yokuchayeka kuma-compounds athile adlulela obisini lwebele. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi, ngokucabangela, ukudla kanye a indlela yokuphila enezinto ezinobuthi ezimbalwa ngeke nje inciphise le nkinga yobisi lwebele kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinkinga eziningi zempilo.
Uma lezi zindaba zikwesabisa, yisikhathi esihle sokuqala ukuhlaziya yonke into oyidlayo namakhemikhali ochayeka kuwo, ngoba ukube abengekho emzimbeni wakho. bebengeke bayidlulisele endodaneni yakhoFuthi ungakhohlwa ukuqhubeka nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela yonke imikhiqizo oyinikeza ingane yakho, kusukela emanzini kuya esithelweni, inyama, nenhlanzi, kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo enoshukela ocolile, futhi ungakhohlwa uswidi nokudla okucutshunguliwe ngamafutha e-hydrogenated.
Ukuze kuncishiswe inani eliphelele lokungcola, imiphakathi ehlukahlukene yesayensi nezinhlangano zezempilo yezemvelo zincoma:
- Isisekelo semifino kusuka ekudleni: ukwandisa izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu nokusanhlamvu; kunciphisa amafutha ezilwane kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, lapho ukungcola okuncibilika ngamafutha kuvame ukugxila.
- Geza futhi ugeze izithelo nemifino emihle; noma nini lapho kungenzeka, beka kuqala ukudla okuphilayo, ngokuvamile equkethe izinsalela ezimbalwa zezibulala-zinambuzane.
- Khetha izinhlanzi ezine-mercury ephansi (i-sardine, i-anchovy, i-hake, i-sea bream, i-sole ...) futhi ugweme izilwane ezinkulu ezidla olwandle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.
- Gwema ukwehla kwesisindo kungazelelwe esikhathini sokubeletha, esihlanganisa ubuthi obugcinwe ezicubu ezinamafutha obisini; ukwehla kancane kungcono.
- Nciphisa amapulasitiki nge-phthalates noma i-bisphenol A: Sebenzisa ingilazi, insimbi, noma i-ceramic ukugcina nokufudumeza; ungafaki amapulasitiki kuma-microwave noma ezitsheni zokugeza izitsha, futhi ugweme ukudla okusemathinini noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
- Izindawo ezingenantuthuIntuthu kagwayi ingenye yemithombo yasekhaya eyinhloko yokuchayeka ezinsimbi kanye nezakhi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo.
- Utshwala, u-zero ongcono Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, uma uphuza ngezikhathi ezithile, linda isikhathi esinconywayo ngaphambi kokuncelisa.
- Ekhaya nasemsebenziniGwema upende onomthofu nezincibilikisi, futhi uthintane nezikhulu zezempilo zasemsebenzini mayelana nokuchayeka emsebenzini okungenzeka; ukuqapha kuwumthetho.
- Ukugcinwa kobisi: Khetha ingilazi noma iziqukathi ze-ceramic; lapho ushisa, gwema amapulasitiki ukuze unciphise ukuvuza.
- Ipolitiki yomphakathi: isekela imithethonqubo eyehlisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, kanye nezinhlaka ezifana ne-REACH ezidinga ukuboniswa kokuphepha ngaphambi kokuba izinto zibekwe emakethe.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela omama nezingane ezingozini zokungcoliswa ngamakhemikhali yile ukugwema, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Ohulumeni nabaphathi baneqhaza elikhulu okufanele balibambe lawula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, khuthaza ezinye izindlela ubuthi obuncane, khuthaza ukudla okuphilayo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lomoya namanzi.
Okokugcina, iphuzu elibalulekile: Ukuncelisa ibele kusewukudla okunempilo futhi okungangcolisiwe kakhulu kwezinsana. Mayelana nokuphepha kokudla. Ngisho nalapho kukhona ukungcola kwemvelo, izinzuzo ze-immunological, umsoco, kanye nentuthuko ezihlobene nobisi lwabantu. zidlule izingozi ezingaba khona okuxhunyaniswe nensalela yamakhemikhali abonisa ukuchayeka kwemvelo. Ukugxila kufanele kugxile hlanza imvelo, isekela imindeni ekwehliseni ukuchayeka okungagwemeka futhi isekele ukuncelisa ibele ngolwazi olunembile, olungenalo ukwesaba.
Izithombe - zandisokuhle, Bejamin Magaña, u-jakecaptive.
Ucwaningo nge-PFAS nokunye ukungcola lukhombisa ukuthi siphila nezinkulungwane zamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi akhona izenzo ezingokoqobo ekhishini, ekhaya, emsebenzini, futhi ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ukunciphisa ukuchayeka. Ngezinyathelo ezinengqondo kanye nokwesekwa kwesikhungo, ukuncelisa ibele kungaqhubeka nokufaka isandla kukho izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele kuyilapho kunciphisa umthwalo onobuthi ofinyelela ezinganeni zethu kanye neplanethi.