Kusuka ekhasini likahulumeni waseSpain, elingakaze libuyekezwe kusukela ngonyaka we-2013, kuthiwa ukucutshungulwa kwe- ukutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba kuqala eSpain kusukela esicelweni esenziwe ngumuntu, abantu, abanentshisekelo yokuba ngabazali bokutholwa abancane abavela kwamanye amazwe. Bese ngokulandelayo sitshelwa nge izinqubo kanye ne-bureaucracy edingekayo, engahlala phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-6. Njengoba kuyikhasi lezikhungo, akubheki ukukhohlisa noma ukugqoka ukuthi yonke inqubo ingaba yilaba bazali bokutholwa.
Uma ngabe ucabanga ukwamukela ingane yakwamanye amazwe njengenketho, sikunikeza ezinye zezincazelo.
Izinqubo zokucubungula ukwamukelwa komhlaba wonke eSpain
Ukuqhutshwa kokutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba eSpain kubuswa yizimbili izinqubo.
1.- Ukuvikelwa kwengane nokubambisana ezindabeni zokutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba, ngoMeyi 1993, ngokusho kwe Umhlangano waseHague.
Inqubo kanye namazwe ukuthi bengakaqinisekisi iSivumelwano maqondana nokuvikelwa kwengane nokubambisana ezindabeni zokutholwa kwamazwe angaphandle, kaMeyi 1993.
Ngakho-ke, ekuthathweni kwamazwe omhlaba, kusebenza umthetho waseSpain nalowo wemvelaphi yengane. Izidingo nezinqubo ze yomibili le mithetho. Imizimba efanelekile yokwamukelwa kwala mazwe womabili iyangenelela kuyo, futhi ngayinye ihambisana nezibopho ezahlukahlukene.
Inqubo yokwamukela kufanele ihanjiswe ekuphathweni komphakathi okunekhono ezindabeni zokwamukelwa kweMiphakathi Ezimele. Kuqalwa ngabazali abafaka izicelo, ngakho-ke kuqala eSpain bese uthuthela ezweni adabuka kulo umntwana. Lapho kwenziwa ukutholwa, kubalulekile ukuxhumana ne-Consulate yaseSpain phesheya ukucela:
- Ukubhaliswa kokutholwa ku-Consular Civil Registry. Le nqubo inemiphumela efanayo nokuthi ngabe yenzekile ebhukwini eSpain.
- Ukunikezwa kwama-visa wokuhlanganisa imindeni njengoba kusungulwe yi-Regulation ethuthukisa i-Organic Law on Rights and Freedoms of Foreigners in Spain and their Social Integration.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, i-consul kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ukutholwa kuyahlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo.
Amazwe okwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba
Into yokuqala esikweluleka ngayo ukuya esikhungweni se-Autonomous Community esilawula ukwamukelwa kanye nokucela emhlabeni jikelele imininingwane yamazwe iSpain enesivumelwano sokutholwa nawo. Akunakwenzeka ukwamukela kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni futhi azikho izinyathelo ezifanayo ezweni elilodwa nakwelinye. Kunamazwe akhishiwe ekutholakaleni kwamazwe ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Amazwe okutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba yilawo asayine i- I-Hague Convention: Albania, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Colombia, Ivory Coast, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Philippines, Honduras, Hungary, India, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mexico, Moldova, Nicaragua , ENigeria (iLagos State = Panama), iPeru, iPoland, iPortugal, iDominican Republic, iRussia, iSerbia, iThailand, neVenezuela.
Kunoma ikuphi, izinqubo zenziwa nge- Ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi lokwamukelwa kwamazwe omhlaba, i-ECAI, kuvunyelwe abaphathi. Ama-ECAI izinhlangano ezizimele eziphethe ukwenza ngokusemthethweni nokuthumela amafayela.
Izici ezithile zokutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba
Ku-2017, izikhathi zokugcina ezijwayelekile emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu ezizokwamukelwa zazizinyanga eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-20. ELatin America imigomo iyandiswa, isuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-30 nase-Asia, ngokwesibonelo iThailand, kuyadingeka ukubona kusengaphambili cishe izinyanga ezingama-24.
Ungakwazi kuphela qala inqubo yokutholwa emhlabeni jikelele uma izwe lengane:
- Ilawula ukutholwa kwamazwe omhlaba.
- Inomzimba osemthethweni ophethe ukuvikelwa kwabancane.
- Akunasimo sokungaqiniseki okusemthethweni enqubweni yokutholwa.
- Akukho esimweni sempi noma senhlekelele yemvelo.
E-China, umfana noma intombazane eyodwa kuphela engamukelwa. Umthetho waseBulgaria awukuvumeli ukwamukelwa kwamazwe angama-intercountry emadodeni angashadile, imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo, noma imibhangqwana engabobulili obuhlukile engahlangene emshadweni womphakathi noma wenkolo.
Futhi manje njengoba unendodana noma indodakazi yakho ekhaya, kuqala, futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuyaqala. Lapha Sikunikeza imihlahlandlela okufanele uyikhumbule.