Lena ibhulogi abahleli bayo okungabesifazane, futhi sibhala mayelana nokuba ngumama, ubuntwana, imfundo, kanye nempilo. Uma sikhuluma ngobumama, akunakuphikiswa ukuthi kufanele sikhulume nangobaba ngezizathu eziningi. Ukukhulisa nokufundisa izingane kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo (uma ingekho imiphakathi emikhulu); futhi sikhulisa izingane ezizobumba umphakathi wangomuso; akukho kungabaza ngakho.
Kusobala nakimi ukuthi kufanele sikhulume udaba oluseqhulwini njengodlame lobulili; futhi hhayi nje ngoba kusezinhlelweni zomphakathi, kodwa futhi ngoba omama nobaba bafuna ukuphila emphakathini ongenalo udlame. Baningi kakhulu abantu besifazane nabesilisa abangafuni ukulifulathela leli qiniso kangangoba kufanele kubhekwane nalolu daba ngenkani. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-90, udlame olusekelwe kubulili eSpain lwaqala ukudalulwa (ngaphambilini, lwahlukunyezwa buthule) Sinabesifazane abangaphezu kwenkulungwane ababuleweUkuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kukhombisile ukuthi lesi sibalo siyadlula esalabo abahlukunyezwa olunye udlame oluhambisana nepolitiki. Zonke izisulu, hhayi kuphela labo abalahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo kodwa nemindeni yabo, bafanelwe ukuhlonishwa; nokho-ke, ukusakazwa kwemithombo yezindaba, ezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nezombusazwe akuzange kuqhathaniswe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Namuhla sizothola ukuthi udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane lunezinto eziningi ezihlukile kunalokho ocabanga ngakho; qhubeka ufunda uzobona.
Ngaphambilini, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi, kulandela izinguquko zakamuva ze-Penal Code, "Ubulili" bufakwa njengento ebhebhethekisayo (i-athikili 22.4), ngakho-ke ukuvivinywa kungabekwa ngamacala okubulala, ukuphatha kabi kanye nodlame lwasekhaya. Nakuba ukuvikelwa kanye nokusabela kokwelashwa odlameni lobulili kusashiya okuthile okufiselekayo, kukhona ngempela ukuthuthuka kwenqubomgomo yokulawula neyomphakathi.
Kula masonto siphila (yebo, siphila, ngoba kufanele sibopheke ukuba sizifake ezicathulweni zabahlukunyezwa kanye nemindeni yabo) ngokufutheka njengoba abesifazane nezingane bebulawa ngobudlova. Ukuhlanganisa nokuvimbela kuyadingeka; futhi izisulu azigcini kwabesifazane abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abaye balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo. Amakhulu ezikhalazo afakwe nsuku zonke; Futhi uyazi ukuthi bangaki abantu besifazane abahlushwa lolu dlame? Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni evela kusistimu ye-VioGén, kukhona amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamacala asebenzayo, angasebenzi, alindile, nalahliwe. Lolu lwazi kungaboniswana nalo e-Observatory of Violence.
Udlame Lobulili: inkinga enhlobonhlobo
Kuwukubonakaliswa okucacile kwe ukungalingani kanye nobudlelwano bamandla / ukubusa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziye zaphawula ukuthi ubudlova obubhekiswe kwabesifazane bungelinye lamacala avaliwe emhlabeni.
Anginakho ukungabaza ngokukhombisa lokho kuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili Kuhlanganisa “nobudlova” ngezinye izikhathi esingabuboni ngokuncane.; kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene, kanye nabantu abaningi abangaziwa, abebebika lokhu. Ngibhekisela kokulandelayo ukuze ngikuchaze: Umnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-Argentina. Izindlela zokubonisa lolu dlame yilezi:
- Ezasekhaya: lapho isithunzi, inhlalakahle, umzimba, ingqondo, ezocansi, ezomnotho noma ezomnotho zobuqotho zonakaliswa.
- Isikhungo: lapho kubambezeleka, kuvimbela noma kuvimbela abesifazane ekutholeni ukufinyelela kuzinqubomgomo zomphakathi nasekusebenziseni amalungelo.
- Umsebenzi: ukucwaswa emsebenzini; izikhala zamaholo nokukhushulwa esikhundleni ngezibopho ezifanayo.
- Ngokumelene nenkululeko yokuzala.
- I-Obstetric: eyenziwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo emzimbeni nasezinqubweni zokuzala; kuvezwe ku ukwehliswa kobuntu, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezokwelapha kanye ne-pathologization yezinqubo zemvelo.
- Imidiya: ukushicilelwa noma ukusabalalisa imiyalezo engelona iqiniso nezithombe ezikhuthaza ukuxhashazwa kwabesifazane noma zenze kube semthethweni amaphethini akhiqiza ukungalingani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sithombe esivela ku-Amnesty International sichaza ukuthi lolu dlame lwenziwa kanjani: ngezinye izikhathi luyabonakala, ngezinye izikhathi alubonakali; futhi akwenziwa ngokusobala ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Noma yimuphi isisulu sodlame olusekelwe ebulilini sibhekana nemiphumela ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane; kuncike ebuntwini babo nasekusekelweni okutholakalayo. Kwezinye izimo, ulaka luyancishiswa, lunqatshelwe noma luyathetheleleka.Okubi nakakhulu yimiphumela engokwengqondo (ingasaphathwa eyenyama esobala): ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, ukucasuka, ubunzima ekusunguleni ubuhlobo obunempilo, ukungathembi abanye abantu; ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kusetshenziswa izinto eziluthayo (utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa).
Ngiyenqaba ukujwayela noma yiluphi uhlobo lodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, ngoba ngingowesifazane, umama, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ngingumuntu, futhi ngifuna umphakathi. lapho kwakhiwa khona ubudlelwano obulinganayo futhi abasengozini enkulu bavikelekile ngempela.
Izincazelo ezibalulekile nezinhlaka zomthetho
I-United Nations ichaza udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane ngokuthi noma yisiphi isenzo sodlame lobulili okuphumela noma okungaholela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, ngokocansi noma ngokwengqondo, okuhlanganisa izinsongo, ukuphoqelelwa noma ukuphucwa inkululeko ngokungenasizathu, kokubili emikhakheni yomphakathi neyimfihlo. INgqungquthela Yesine Yomhlaba Emayelana Nabesifazane e-Beijing ibone ukuthi lolu dlame lukhona ukubonakaliswa kobudlelwane bamandla angalingani ngokomlando phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
E-Spain, i-Organic Law on Comprehensive Protection Measures against Gender Violence ichaza lolu dlame njengalolo olwenziwa yilabo abakhona abashadile noma abantu abasebudlelwaneni bothando, ngisho nangaphandle kokukipita, lapho kuphumela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, ngokocansi noma ngokwengqondo, izinsongo, ukuphoqwa noma ukuphucwa inkululeko. Ezingeni laseYurophu, I-Istanbul Convention Kwenza zonke izinhlobo zodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane zibe yicala lobugebengu, kuhlanganisa nalolo olwenziwa uphathina noma owayethandana naye.
- Udlame olungokomzimba, olungokwengqondo, lwezomnotho kanye nezocansi.
- Ukudlwengulwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
- Ukucwiywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
- Umshado ophoqelelwe.
- Ukuhlukunyezwa, ukukhipha isisu ngenkani kanye nokuvala inzalo ngenkani.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kokulawula okuthile kube Umthetho Wokuqinisekisa Okuphelele Kwenkululeko Yocansi, owaziwa ngokuthi “Umthetho ka-yebo unguyebo”, ebeka imvume esikhungweni, isungula izikhungo ze-24/7 zenhlekelele ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi ikhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa okugxile ebulilini kwamaphoyisa, abasebenzi bezempilo, ochwepheshe bezobunhloli kanye nabasebenzi bezobulungiswa ukunciphisa ama-stereotypes kanye nokuchema ekunakekelweni nasezinqubweni.
Indlela udlame olubonakala futhi ludlondlobala ngayo: olubonakalayo nolungabonakali
Udlame lobulili lungenzeka kuzo zombili izinhlaka eziyimfihlo nesesidlangalaleni futhi alukazalwa, kodwa wafunda futhi wajwayela ngamaphethini amasiko. Kukhona amafomu abonakala kakhudlwana (ukulimala, ukunukubezwa ngokocansi, ukudlwengula, ukubulala) kanye nezingacacile kangako (ukulawula umnotho, ukuzihlukanisa, ulimi lobulili nokulawula okuphoqayo).
Udlame lomzimba
Kuhlanganisa izenzo zokuphoqelela umzimba wesifazane ezidala umonakalo noma ukulimala: ukushaywa, ukusunduza, ukusha, ukuphuka, ukudonsa izinwele, ukuzama ukuklinywa noma ukubulala, kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Nakuba kubonakala kulula kakhulu ukufakazela, ngezinye izikhathi akushiyi amamaki abonakalayo (isb., impama) kanye ingase ingabonakali.
Udlame lwengqondo
Ihlanganisa ukuziphatha okukhulunywayo noma okungakhulumi okukhiqiza ukwehla noma ukuhlupheka: izinhlamba, izinsongo, ukwesatshiswa, indelelo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya kanye nesidingo sokulalela (ukulawula umakhalekhukhwini noma i-imeyili, ukubekwa kwezingubo zokugqoka), ukuntula inhlonipho, ukuthula nokuntuleka kokuxhumana, ukusola okuhleliwe kanye nomhawu oholela ekuhlukaniseni umphakathi.
Udlame nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
Kubandakanya noma yisiphi isenzo socansi esingavunyelwananga, okuhlanganisa ukuphoqelela noma ukwesabisa ubudlelwano noma imikhuba engadingeki; kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (okudinga ukuziphatha kocansi ngaphansi kokusongelwa, ezindaweni noma izikhathi ezingafanele, noma ukusabela ngobudlova ekunqabeni).
Udlame lwezomnotho
Ukuziphatha kanye nezenzo zomhlaseli lawula imali engenayo nezinsiza, okudala ukuthembela kwezomnotho kwabesifazane nezingane zabo: ukuvimbela ukufinyelela emalini, ukunquma ukuthi izosetshenziswa kanjani, vimbela umsebenzi noma ukuqeqeshwa nokwenza ukubuyisana kube nzima.
Umthelela kwezempilo kanye neqhaza lezinsizakalo zezempilo
Umthelela walolu dlame awukhawulelwe okwamanje: luyabangela izinkinga zomzimba, zengqondo, zocansi kanye nokuzala esikhathini esifushane nangesikhathi eside, futhi kuthinta amadodakazi namadodana aphila engozini yobudlova, nemiphumela ekukhuleni kwawo kanye nenhlalakahle yawo. Izinsizakalo zezempilo, ikakhulukazi Ukunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo, baneqhaza elibalulekile: abesifazane abaningi bathinta uhlelo ukukhulelwa, ukubeletha, ukuhlolwa noma ukunakekelwaUkutholwa kusenesikhathi kusiza ukwephula ukuthula, kuvumela ukwesekwa nokuhlonipha ukuzimela, kanye kunciphisa izingozi ukukhuphuka.
Imithethonqubo yezempilo iyancoma ukuqhubeka nemfundo ngombono wobulili, ukutholwa okusebenzayo kuzimo ezifanele zomtholampilo, ukubhaliswa ngokucophelela (ngokuvikelwa kwedatha), ukuxhumana nezinsiza zomphakathi nezokwahlulela, kanye ukwesekwa kwengqondo okufinyelelekayoImpendulo kumele iphelele, ibe nezinsiza ezanele kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo.
Izithiyo zokucela usizo kanye nezici zomuntu siqu
Ngaphezu kobudlova, bayathonya Izimo zomuntu siqu abaphuzayo noma abasheshisa ukufuna usizo. Amaphesenti abalulekile ayencike ngokwezimali kumhlukumezi lapho kuqala ukuhlukunyezwa nalapho befuna usizo. Ubudala Kubalulekile (abesifazane abaningi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 basabela kuqala futhi labo abadala kuno-35 basabela kamuva), ukubeletha (labo abangenazo izingane babike kuqala) kanye izinga lokuqeqeshwa (abesifazane abafundile basekolishi bavame ukuthatha isikhathi esincane).
Phakathi kwezizathu zokulibala ukubika noma ukucela usizo yilezi: ukucabanga lokho "Abakwazanga ukungisiza", engazi “ungacela kuphi futhi kanjani usizo”, futhi ukwesaba noma ukungazi yenqubo yokwahlulela. Ukusekelwa okuvela ezindabeni zemvelo: iqembu elifanele linqume ukucela usizo ngenxa isikhuthazo somuntu oseduzeUkuzethemba ezinyathelweni nasebulungiswa kuyisihluthulelo; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile khombisa ukusebenza kahle ukuvikela, ukuqondisa izinqubo kanye nokwenza ngcono ulwazi lomphakathi ngezinsiza.
Amaqiniso abalulekile kanye nezitayela
Izinkantolo zaseSpain ziyakwamukela amashumi ezinkulungwane zezikhalazo ikota ngayinye; esikhathini sakamuva, kurekhodiwe ezingaphezu kuka-140.000. Inani lezisulu ezirekhodiwe lidlule kude ku-40.000, ngenani elizungezile Izisulu eziyi-18 kwabesifazane abayizi-10.000Iningi lezisulu lalinobuzwe baseSpain futhi abangaphezu kwekhulu babhalisiwe. izisulu ezincane ngaphansi kokugadwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Kusukela kwaqala amarekhodi asemthethweni, inani labesifazane ababulawa idlula inkulungwane futhi isibalo sezingane eziyizintandane ngenxa yalesi sizathu sifinyelela emakhulwini amaningana. Noma kunjalo, a ukubika okuncane okubalulekile esicelweni sosizo olusemthethweni: ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yezisulu zodlame lwasekhaya, udlame locansi kanye nokudlwengulwa ayifuni usizo lochwepheshe noma isikhalazo, ngokusho kocwaningo olukhulu olusemthethweni.
Imibiko yokuhlola yaseYurophu iyaqaphela Ubuholi baseSpain ezimisweni zokulawula nenqubomgomo, kodwa aveze amaphutha: ukuvimbela okwanele, izinhlobo zodlame ezingahanjelwa kakhulu (udlame locansi, ukuhlukumeza, ukucwiywa kwezitho zangasese zabesifazane) kanye ubunzima ekuvikelweni kokwahlulela okusebenzayoUkwenza ngcono kuhlanganisa ukuqinisa izinsiza, ukwenza izivumelwano zifane, ukuhlola imiphumela kanye lwisana namanga kanye ne-post-machismo eyenza inkinga ibe lula.
Ukuvinjelwa kwemikhakha eminingi, ukutholwa kanye nokusabela
Udlame lobulili luyinkinga kwesakhiwo kanye nesistimu, okudinga impendulo eqhubekayo yemikhakha eminingi kwezemfundo, ezempilo, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle, ubulungisa, ukuqashwa kanye nabezindaba. Ekuvimbeleni, kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kusukela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni imfundo yezocansi, ukufunda nokubhala kwabezindaba namamodeli we ubudlelwano obulinganayo lowo mbuzo stereotypes.
Uma umonakalo usuvele ukhona, kuhle ukuthi ukhulume izinsika zokunakekelwa okuphelele ezikhulisa ukuvikeleka nokululama:
- Ukutholwa nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo: Thola izimpawu (ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe, ukukhathazeka, ukuhlukaniswa) futhi unikeze izindawo eziphephile.
- ukulalela ngozwela: hlola izidingo zomzimba, ezengqondo nezenhlalo, ngaphandle kokwahlulela noma ingcindezi.
- Ukwamukela nokuqashelwa: qinisekisa isipiliyoni, ukhulule isisulu futhi ugxile esibophezelweni somhlaseli.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezingozi: thola ingozi enkulu ukuze wenze kusebenze ukuvikela okusheshayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha.
- Ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo: qinisa inqubo, nanoma izinqumo ziyinkimbinkimbi noma zingaqondile.
- Amasevisi osekelo ahlanganisiwe: ezempilo, ezomphakathi, ezokuphepha, ezomthetho, ezezindlu kanye nokuqashwa; ukukhuthaza amanethiwekhi namaqembu okusekela phakathi kontanga.
- Ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe: ukuqeqeshwa, ukugadwa kanye nokwesekwa ukuvimbela ukutubeka kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokunakekelwa.
Ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye nezokuthutha, i-UNHCR ibeka phambili ukunciphisa ingozi kanye nempendulo yodlame lobulili, ngezinjongo ezimbili eziqinisanayo: ukunciphisa ingcuphe yokuhlupheka kanye qinisekisa ukufinyelela ngesikhathi ezinsizeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwabasindile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza namadoda kanye nabantu be- ukwehluka kobulili abasinde ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi, ukuqinisa izinhlelo nokuxhumana kanye nokumela izinsiza ezanele.
Udlame lobulili lube izindleko eziphezulu zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle izisulu, imindeni, amabhizinisi kanye nokuphatha. Izindleko eziqondile (ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ubulungiswa, izindawo zokukhosela) kanye nezindleko ezingaqondile (ukulova emsebenzini, ukulahlekelwa ukukhiqiza, imiphumela yezempilo) ithinta wonke umphakathi, ngakho ukutshala imali ekuvimbeleni nasekunakekelweni okuphelele esebenza kahle futhi engenzeleli.
Ku-UNHCR, ukunciphisa ubungozi kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela nokuphendula udlame olusekelwe ebulilini yizinto ezibalulekile esikhungweni kuzo zonke izindawo. I-UNHCR isebenzisana nayo abalingani, ohulumeni kanye nemiphakathi ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zekhwalithi ezivimbela, ezinciphisa, futhi ziphendule amacala, ukuvikela amalungelo kanye nenhlalakahle yababaleki kanye nabantu abafudukayo.
Udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane lungaba nezindleko ezinkulu kuHulumeni, izisulu/abasindile, kanye nemiphakathi. Lezi yizindleko eziqondile nezingaqondile, ezibambekayo nezingaphatheki ezithwalwa izisulu, abahlaseli, ohulumeni, kanye nomphakathi wonkana.
Ithimba Likahulumeni Elilwisana Nodlame Lobulili kwazisa
Ukuqhubekela emphakathini ongenalo udlame lobulili kudinga ukungakubekezeleli ukuhlukunyezwa, izinhlaka zezomthetho ezisebenzayo, izinsiza ezanele, ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwezinhlelo kanye a isiko lokulingana elakhiwa nsuku zonke ekhaya, esikoleni, kwabezindaba, nasezikhungweni. Ukuqaphela zonke izinhlobo zobudlova, ukuqonda izimbangela zabo, ukudiliza izithiyo zokufuna usizo, nokuvikela ngempumelelo izisulu kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuze amantombazane nabafana bakhulele endaweni ephephile futhi abesifazane namadoda bathole ubudlelwane obusekelwe ekuhlonipheni nasekukhululekeni.