umnikelo weqanda Kuyindlela esizwa nge-heterologous fertilization lapho kusetshenziswa amaqanda avela kumnikeli ongaphandle kwabashadile kanye nesidoda sombhangqwana. Amaqanda avundiswa ku-in vitro bese umbungu owumphumela ufakwa esibelethweni sowesifazane ofuna ukuba nomntwana. Kuyinqubo engafaki ubungozi obukhulu uma uya ku-a isikhungo esifanelekayo esinolwazi oluqinisekisiwe.
Nokho, ingaba nemiphumela engemihle kubo bobabili onikelayo kanye nomamukeli. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuba nemibono ecacile mayelana nezenzakalo ezimbi ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokunikela ngeqanda.
Umnikelo wamaqanda, kuyini?
Ongase anikele uyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimo sakhe sempilo. Kufanele futhi ube neminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-35, ongenazo izifo ezithathelwanayo noma zofuzo (ngenxa yalokhu kufanele ube nabazali ababaziyo), kanye nomlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa notshwala. Uma umlando nezinye izici zihlelekile, owesifazane uyabhekana ukuvuselelwa kwe-ovarian ngosizo lweminye imithi futhi ihlolwe yi-ultrasound cishe amasonto ama-2. Ngesikhathi esifanele, i-ova edingekayo iyathathwa futhi izoba yiqhwa noma iphathwe kabusha. Okusho ukuthi, bazofakwa kwi-in vitro fertilization (ngemuva kokuncibilika) ngesidoda sowesilisa wombhangqwana ongazali. Isampula yenziwa ngokufisa ama-follicles akhiwe ngaphakathi kwama-ovari avuselelwe. Yenziwa nge-transvaginal ultrasound probe efakwe inaliti enhle kakhulu edlula odongeni lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ukuze ifinyelele esibelethweni. Lokhu kusampula kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-sedation.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, owesifazane owamukelayo kufanele abhekane ukwelashwa kwama-hormone cishe izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ukulungiselela i-endometrium ukuthola umbungu. Uzophinde aqashwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. Ngesikhathi esifanele, imibungu izofakwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 neziyi-5 ngemva kokukhulelwa kwama-oocyte. Inqubo ilula futhi ayinabuhlungu, uma iqhathaniswa nokuvakasha kwezifo zabesifazane: nge-catheter edlula emgodini womlomo wesibeletho, imibungu ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesibeletho, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-ultrasound. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yenqubo.
Yiziphi izingozi owesifazane onikela ngamaqanda agijimayo?
Izingozi ezivame kakhulu kowesifazane onikelayo zenzeka ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-pharmacological okudingekayo ukuvuselela ama-ovari futhi kungase kube okulandelayo:
- ukuzuza kwesisindo esincane
- ukushintsha kwemizwa
- i-ovarian hyperstimulation
Lokhu kokugcina ngokungangabazeki kumelela ubungozi obuyinhloko njengoba kungaholela, nakuba ezimweni ezingavamile, ezinkingeni ezingathi sína kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nokuphuka kwesibeletho. Ingozi iyancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo ezanele zemithi, ngokuqapha njalo kwe-ultrasound ngaphansi kokuqondisa nokuqondisa kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha abakhethekile.
ubuchwepheshe akuyona yonke into
Inqubo yokuhoxiswa, uma yenziwe kahle, ayibandakanyi izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka endaweni yomjovo ngeke kukhishwe ukuze kuqoqwe isampula, okuzodingeka kwenziwe ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, noma ukuqhubeka komjovo. ukopha okuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunethuba lokuthi amanye ama-oocyte angase aphunyuke ekuqoqweni, ngakho onikelayo uyelulekwa ukuba agweme ukuya ocansini olungavikelekile phakathi noma ngokushesha ngemva komjikelezo wokwelashwa uma engafuni ukukhulelwa.
Ekugcineni, ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane kungase kuhlale ngemva kwenqubo, njengokuthi ubuhlungu obuncane be-ovarian futhi a umjikelezo ongavamile bahambe ngokuphazima kweso.
Kuze kube manje, akukho ukuhlobana okubonisiwe phakathi kwalokhu umnikelo weqanda kanye nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza noma amanye ama-pathologies esikhathini eside.
Yiziphi izingozi owesifazane othola ama-ovules agijima kuzo?
Umnikelo ama-ovules kowesifazane owamukelayo alula futhi aphephile esigabeni senqubo, kodwa angaba nemiphumela engemihle ekuqhubekeni kokukhulelwa. Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu i-preeclampsia (i-hypertension plus proteinuria) kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme wokukhulelwa, kokubili kuyingozi kowesifazane nokuqhubeka nokukhulelwa. Lezi zimo zingase ziholele ekusikweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuzalwa komntwana onesisindo esiphansi.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lwakugqamisa futhi lwaqinisekisa lokhu imiphumela emibi yokunikela ngeqanda , kodwa izizathu azikacaci. Njengoba abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 benza le nqubo, imbangela eyinhloko kukholakala ukuthi yilesi: izingozi zomfutho wegazi ophakeme ekukhulelweni kanye ne-gestosis zanda ngokukhula. Akubandakanyiwe ukuthi ukwanda kwamanani womfutho wegazi kulezi zimo kubangelwa izici zofuzo, noma kunalokho ukujwayela amasosha omzimba we-embryonic ekuxhumaneni nezakhi zofuzo zowesifazane owamukelayo.
Noma kunjalo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi ukukhetha okuqinile nokucophelelayo okusekelwe esimisweni sezempilo somamukeli kunciphisa kakhulu izigameko zalezi zingozi.