Ukukhubazeka Ekufundeni: IDyslalia neDyslexia ezinganeni

Kuleli sonto ngifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngendlela enwetshiwe ngezinkinga ezithile zokufunda ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ziya ngokuya zivama ezikoleni futhi yingakho kudingekile ukuthi izimpawu zokutholwa zaziwe kusenesikhathi ukuze zikwazi ukufuna izixazululo ngokushesha okukhulu lapho nje izimpawu zokuqala ziqashelwa, njalo nakuzo zonke amacala okungenelela kokusebenza kwengqondo kuzodingeka ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nalezi zingane ezinokukhubazeka kokufunda.

Ekupheleni kwaleli sonto ngizophinde ngikhulume nawe ngezinye izinkinga zokufunda ezivame kakhulu, ngiqonde ukuthi i-dysculalia ne-dysgraphia. Ngale ndlela uzokwazi nokufunda kabanzi ngalezi zinkinga zokufunda futhi uthole isisombululo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ingane yakho ithuthukise ukufunda kwayo (uma kunesidingo) futhi ingazizwa njengokubi, kodwa njengento engaba kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubeka nokuphikelela.

Yini i-dyslalia

Isici esiyinhloko se-dyslalia ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa imisindo yokukhuluma efanele intuthuko yobudala nolimi lwengane, kucatshangelwa ukuthi alukho uhlobo lokubambezeleka kokuvuthwa enganeni. Kungabandakanya amaphutha ekukhiqizeni, ekusetshenzisweni, ekumeleni noma ekuhlelweni kwemisindo, kanye nokufaka umsindo owodwa komunye ngisho nokushiywa kwemisindo.

Kuyinkinga yokukhuluma njalo futhi kungachazwa njengokuphazamiseka kokuchazwa kwamagama amafoni okuchazwa ubunzima bokusebenza kwezitho zomlomo (izindebe, ulimi, njll.) Futhi kunzima ukuphimisa noma ekwakhiweni yamagama.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-dyslalia

Singathola izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-dyslalia:

• I-dyslalia yokuziphendukela kwemvelo: Kwenzeka esemncane (phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-5 ubudala) futhi kuyinto ejwayelekile yokukhula (kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi zonke izingane zidlule kukho futhi akubonisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka futhi akufanele kube ukukhathazeka ngabazali noma ochwepheshe ).
• I-Dislalia audigena: Kwenzeka ezimweni zokukhubazeka kokuzwa futhi kufanele kusebenze nabachwepheshe.
• I-dyslalia esebenzayo: kulokhu sikhuluma nge-dyslalia ngomqondo wayo oqinile. Kwenzeka lapho kuba nokushintshwa kwamafonimi ngenxa yokuxhumanisa okungalungile kwemisipha yefonotiki edingekayo ukuyichaza. Akukho ukushintsha komzimba, kepha ukukhubazeka okusebenzayo.

Kungani kwenzeka

Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulawulwa kwezitho zomlomo, izinkinga zokucwaswa ezindlebeni, izinto ezithinta imvelo (imfundo engeyinhle, izimo ezingezinhle zenhlalo, amamodeli angalungile okulingisa, njll.), Kanye nokukhulunywa kwezilimi ezimbili (yize lesi sizathu singafakazelwa ngokwanele).

Ekuguqukeni okuvame kakhulu kuvame ukufakwa, ukuphanjaniswa, ukushiywa, ukuguqulwa nokufakwa. Ifonimi eyodwa ingabizelwa enye, ihlanekezelwe, iphinyiselwe ngendlela ehlukile, noma ingabizwa ngokuqondile. Ungenza futhi ukuguqula futhi uhlehlise ukuhleleka kwamafonimu wesilabhili noma ufake ifonimi entsha lapho ingahambelani khona (ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sogandaganda: taractor).

Ingasizwa kanjani ingane ene-dyslalia

Mayelana nezidingo zemfundo zezingane ezine-dyslalia, ukuthuthuka kungafinyelelwa kucatshangelwa okulandelayo:

• Bheka uchwepheshe ohambelanayo: i-psychopedagogue kanye / noma i-speech therapist
• Thuthukisa amandla okuphefumula nokukhuluma
• Yenza izivivinyo zokulawula ukuhamba kwezitho zokukhuluma (izindebe, ulimi, ulwanga oluthambile, njll.)
• Ukuzivocavoca ekhaya kanye nochwepheshe ukuqonda kahle ukubandlululwa
• Ukufunda kahle ukuqwashisa kwemisindvo nokufunda ukukhuluma kahle imisindo ngokucabangela izici zengane enkulumweni
• Setha izinhloso kuye ngobunzima befonotiki nobufonotiki bengane.

Yini i-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia ukukhubazeka okuvamile kokufunda okungadala izinkinga ngokufunda, ukubhala nokupela isipelingi. Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni futhi kungadala izinkinga ngamakhono athile adingekayo ekufundeni (ukufunda nokubhala). Kepha kufanele kucace ukuthi ukukhubazeka kokufunda nokuthi ubuhlakani abuthinteki. 

I-Dyslexia inkinga yempilo yonke ezoletha izinselelo ezinganeni ezinokukhubazeka kokufundaKepha ngosizo oludingekayo bangathuthukisa amakhono abo okufunda nokubhala ukuze izinkinga zokufunda zingabi yisithiyo esikoleni nasemsebenzini. Bangaba abafundi abakhaliphile nabantu abadala, badinga nje ukwazi ukuthi bangakwazi.

Izimpawu ze-dyslexia

Izimpawu ze-dyslexia zivame ukubonakala lapho ingane iqala isikole futhi iqala ukugxila ekufundeni, ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu kungaba yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukufunda nokubhala kwehlukile kokujwayelekile "eminyakeni yokukhula
• Ukudida ukuhleleka kwezinhlamvu ngamagama
• Beka izinhlamvu emuva (njengokubhala u- "b" esikhundleni sika "d")
• Unenkinga ngokuhlela noma ngenhlangano
• Uhlelo lolimi olubi
• Qonda ulwazi ngomlomo kepha ube nobunzima lapho lunikezwa ngokubhala
• Kungaba namakhono amahle kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, njengokucabanga kokudala noma ukuxazulula izinkinga

Ingasizwa kanjani ingane ene-dyslexia

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingahle ibe ne-dyslexia, into yokuqala okuzodingeka uyenze ukukhuluma nothisha noma uthisha wezemfundo ekhethekile (i-pedagogue yezokwelapha) esikoleni futhi nixoxe ngezinto ezikukhathazayo ukuze zivuselelwe. Bazokwazi ukuyithola futhi banikeze ukusekelwa okungeziwe ukusiza ingane yakho ngaphakathi kwesikole uma kunesidingo.

Uma ingane yakho iqhubeka nokulwa naphezu kokusekelwa okwengeziwe, ungacabanga ngokuhlolwa okuphelele ngudokotela wezengqondo wezemfundo noma uchwepheshe we-dyslexia. Lokhu kungacelwa ngesikole noma ngokuhlolwa kwangasese.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi uma usufinyelele kuleli qophelo, ukwazile ukwazi kangcono ukuthi i-dyslalia ne-dyslexia zimayelana nani, nokuthi ubonile nokuthi ezimeni zombili zezinkinga zokufunda, zingalashwa futhi zithole imiphumela emihle uma zelashwa ngesikhathi nangezifundiswa ezinhle.