Kujwayelekile ukuthi sizwe ngeHuman Papilloma Virus. Yini enye, isikhashana, ukugonyelwa i-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) sekufakiwe ohlelweni lokugoma.
Yize kunemininingwane eyanele ngale ndaba, kwesinye isikhathi asazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nayo futhi kujwayelekile ukuthi kube yinto encane noma sikhathazeke ngokweqile, sicabanga ukuthi ngemuva kwalesi sifo ikusasa lethu alinasiqiniseko noma sizobe sesinomdlavuza . Kepha ngabe ukuphatha i-HPV kusho ukuthi sizokwakha umdlavuza? Ngabe sazi konke okufanele sazi nge-HPV? Sizozama ukucacisa ukungabaza kwakho.
Yini i-HPV
Ayikho i-papillomavirus yomuntu eyodwa. Iqembu lamagciwane ahlobene angaphezu kuka-150. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ze-HPV ibizwa ngegama.
Abanye Izinhlobo ezi-40 ziyakwazi ukudala izifo kubantu.
Leli qembu elikhulu lamagciwane libizwa ngokuthi i-papilloma ngoba izinhlobo eziningana ze-HPV zidala ama-warts noma ama-papillomas. Abanye, okuyingozi kakhulu bayakwazi ukudala umdlavuza. Umdlavuza ovame kakhulu wesibeletho.
Ukutheleleka nge-HPV kubhekwa njengesifo esithathelwana kakhulu ngocansi. I-HPV yande kakhulu kangangoba cishe sonke isibalo sabantu abahlanganyela ocansini siyayivumelanisa nesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.
Ingabe kungadala noma yimuphi umdlavuza?
Lawa magciwane angahlala kuphela kumaseli athile omzimba wethu. Lawa ngamaseli atholakala esikhunjeni nasezindaweni ezinomswakama, njenge amafinyila.
- Isitho sangasese sowesifazane, ingquza, umlomo wesibeletho, imomozi (indawo engaphandle kowesifazane)
- Ingaphakathi lejwabu nomchamo womthondo
- Ingaphakathi lekhala, umlomo, nomphimbo
- I-trachea ne-bronchi
Ama-75% wamagciwane e-HPV abizwa ngokusika ngoba abangela izinsumpa ezivamile esikhunjeni sethu. Izingalo, isifuba, izandla noma izinyawo yizindawo ezivamile. Lawa magciwane awadluliselwa ngocansi.
Konke okunye kungamagciwane ahlala kulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Lezi yizona ezidluliselwa ngocansi futhi zidala izinsumpa ezithweni zangasese noma izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
Izinhlobo zamagciwane ezithathelwana ngocansi
Ngaphakathi kwalokhu igciwane group singahlukanisa phakathi kwabanye ababili
- I-HPV enobungozi obuphansi. La magciwane awubangeli umdlavuza kepha angadala izinsumpa (condylomas) esithweni sangasese, endunu, emlonyeni noma emphinjeni.. Kuleli qembu kunezinhlobo ze-HPV 6 no-11, ezibhekele ama-90% azo zonke izinsumpa zangasese. Futhi zingadala lezi zilonda emgudwini wokuphefumula.
- Ingozi ephezulu ye-HPV. La magciwane angadala umdlavuza. Kutholwe izinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-18 ze-HPV ezinobungozi obukhulu. Phakathi kwazo Izinhlobo ze-HPV 16 no-18 ezibhekele izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza ezibangelwa i-HPV.
Idluliselwa kanjani
Yigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Esithathelwanayo silula ngempela futhi kaningi. Noma ngubani osebenza ngokocansi angathola i-Human Papillomavirus. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaningi abenza ucansi bathola leli gciwane ngemuva nje kokuqala kocansi. Lapho umuntu enabalingani abaningi kwezocansi, iba sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
I-papillomavirus yomuntu yesitho sangasese isakazeka ikakhulukazi ngokuxhumana ngqo kwesikhumba nesikhumba ngesikhathi socansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo noma sendunu. Ayisakazeki ngegazi noma uketshezi lomzimba.
Ukuthintana ngokocansi, noma ngabe akukho ukuhlangana ocansini, nomuntu onegciwane kwanele ukutheleleka. Futhi kungahle kube yilokho Ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane kwenzeka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kutholwe ukuxilongwa noma kuvele izilonda.
Iningi labantu abaphethe igciwane abalazi.
Ingabe zikhona izinto eziyingozi?
Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuneziningana Izici zobungozi ukuthola ukutheleleka.
- Yiba nabalingani abaningi ocansini. Ngokuya nge- ukutadisha woMnyango Wezempilo, Imisebenzi Yezenhlalakahle Nokulingana (msssi) "Ngenkathi ukusabalala kwe-HPV kwabesifazane abanomfazi oyedwa kungu-8,9%, lokho kwabesifazane abadlulisela abalingani bezocansi abayi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngama-44,6%"
- Ukuba nomlingani oye waba nabalingani abaningi
- Yiba ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-25
- Qala ukuya ocansini usemncane. Ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-16, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.
- Intuthu kagwayi.
- Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
- Emadodeni, into evikelayo eyehlisa ukutheleleka ukusoka. Ukutheleleka kukhulu kunamadoda angenjalo.
Ingabe izifo zingagwenywa? Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwayo
Kubantu abaya ocansini ngokugwema ukutheleleka kuyinkimbinkimbi ngempela. Ukwehlisa inani labalingani bethu bezocansi nabalingani bethu sinciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.
Iminyaka yokuqalwa kokuya ocansini nayo iyisici okufanele usicabangele, ukwehla kweminyaka yokuqala, kuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka.
Ukusetshenziswa okwejwayelekile nokujwayelekile kwekhondomu kuyancipha, yize kungakuvimbeli ukutheleleka. Ngisho nokusebenzisa ikhondomu kunezindawo ebezingavalwa futhi ezingadlulisa leli gciwane.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ikhondomu entsha esenzweni ngasinye socansi. Kufanele njalo ibekwe ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana nendawo yezitho zangasese noma yangasese futhi igcinwe kuze kube kuqedwa ngokuphelele ucansi.
Ukugoma Ikakhulukazi lapho lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kocansi.
Unayo imishanguzo?
Ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-Human Papillomavirus, lapho kungenazo izilonda, njengamanje alunakho ukwelashwa. Ukulandelela kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale kusenesikhathi ukulimala okungase kubange.
Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi igciwane lidale umdlavuza, ochwepheshe balinganisela phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-10. Ezimweni eziningi ezethu umzimba iyakwazi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqeda igciwane uqobo.
Izicubu noma izinsumpa ezikhiqizwa yi-HPV zinokwelapha, okuzohluka ngokuya ngesilonda esikhiqiziwe.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingadala
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho. Kungenzeka ukuthi inobudlelwano obukhulu ne-HPV. Cishe wonke umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ubangelwa yi-HPV.
- Umdlavuza we-Vulvar Kuncane kakhulu kunomlomo wesibeletho.
- Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi I-9 ye-10 ngayinye Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ubangelwa yi-HPV
- Umdlavuza wePenile Kuvame kakhulu emibhangqwaneni engqingili.
- Umdlavuza wendunu Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane. Cishe wonke amacala omdlavuza wendunu abangelwa yi-HPV.
- Umdlavuza womlomo nomlomo. Imidlavuza eminingi engemuva komphimbo, kufaka phakathi isisekelo solimi namathoni, ihlobene ne-HPV. Lona ngumdlavuza ovame kakhulu ukuxhunyaniswa ne-HPV emadodeni.
Ingabe unezimpawu?
Ukutheleleka nge-HPV akunazimpawu ngaphandle kokuthi kubangele ukulimala.
Ingavela izinsumpa esithweni sangasese, sendunu, noma somlomo.
Uma kubangela ukulimala komlomo wesibeletho ekuqaleni, akukho zimpawu ezingabonakala. Uma ukulimala komlomo wesibeletho kuba kubi, kungenzeka ubuhlakani:
- Ukuphumelela okungajwayelekile kokuphuma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane (phakathi kwezikhathi zokuya esikhathini) noma ukopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngemuva kokuya ocansini. Lezi yizimpawu ezingasiqondisa kakhulu ekulimaleni komlomo wesibeletho.
- emuva, umlenze, noma ubuhlungu be-pelvic
- ukukhathala, ukuncipha komzimba, ukungathandi ukudla
- ukungakhululeki kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ukukhishwa okunesitho sangasese sowesifazane
Kutholakala kanjani?
Kukhona kuphela ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komlomo wesibeletho kwe-HPV. Ngamanye amagama, akukho sivivinyo esiqinisekisiwe sokuxilonga lapho umuntu engumphathi nje wegciwane.
I-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho yenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho noma okuphakelayo okuphindwe kathathu (okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwePap).
I-WHO incoma ukuthi bonke abesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-49 benze i-cytology.
Ezweni lethu, uMnyango Wezempilo, Imisebenzi Yezenhlalakahle Nokulingana uncoma ukuthi kwenziwe lo msebenzi ukuhlolwa kokuhlola (cytology yomlomo wesibeletho) kubo bonke abesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nengama-65, enesikhathi esiphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-5. Yize umphakathi ngamunye we-Autonomous ungaletha ushintsho oluthile.
Kunemithi yokugoma
Njengamanje kunemigomo emibili ye-HPV.
IGardasil® umuthi wokugoma i-quadrivalent. Ivikela ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV 6/11/16 no-18. Yizinhlobo eziyizimbangela zezimo eziningi zezinsumpa zomzimba kanye nomdlavuza.
ICervarix® umuthi wokugoma oyimpumelelo. Kuvikela izinhlobo ze-HPV 16 no-18, kubangela iningi lomdlavuza.
Yomibili imijovo yokugoma yenza imizimba yethu yakha ukuzivikela kulezi zinhlobo ze-HPV, kepha kukhona futhi okubizwa nge- "cross immune". Lolu hlobo lokuzivikela komzimba lwenza abantu abagonyiwe bavikeleke nakwezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV.
Yomibili le mithi yokugoma igunyaziwe futhi ifakiwe ohlelweni lokugoma. Ukugonywa kwenziwa emantombazaneni.
Ngokwe-Autonomous Community, ukugoma kwenziwa omunye noma omunye.
IGardasil® nayo ingasetshenziswa ku abesilisa.
Izincomo ze-WHO
I-WHO itusa ukugonywa kwawo wonke amantombazane aneminyaka yobudala eyi-9. Okungcono, goma ngaphambi kokuqala kocansiNgale ndlela, intombazane ayikwazanga ukuyithola noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwe-HPV.
Uma ugonywe ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-15, imithamo emibili yanele. Ngokufanelekile, isikhathi esiphakathi kwamanani amabili akufanele sidlule iminyaka eyi-12/15.
Kubantu abacindezelwe yimizimba kanye nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ubudala, umuthi wokugoma uyalulekwa futhi. Kulokhu, kudingeka imithamo emithathu ukuze ivikelwe ngokuphelele.
Njengesibonelo ngikushiyela izincomo zokugoma ku Umphakathi waseMadrid:
Ukugoma eminyakeni eyi-12. Imithamo emibili yokugoma, enesikhawu sezinyanga eziyi-6.
Ukugonywa eminyakeni engu-14 yamantombazane abengagonyiwe phambilini. Umhlahlandlela ubuye ngemithamo emibili ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ngokufanelekile, imithamo emibili kufanele ibekwe esikhaleni esiphezulu sonyaka owodwa
Ngabe umuthi wokugoma unemiphumela emibi?
Njengayo yonke imijovo yokugoma, ayikhululwanga ekuphikisweni okubi. Zonke izindlela ze- ama-studio Mayelana nalokhu, bafinyelele esiphethweni se- ukuthi ukusabela okubi akuvamile futhi kugcizelela ukuthi izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Ngakho-ke ukuvumelana komphakathi wesayensi ukuncoma ukugoma.
Ukusabela okuvame ukwedlula lezo ezenzeka endaweni yesiza somjovo. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kubonakala ubomvu, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okuthile. Bangase futhi bahlupheke nge-syncope noma isiyezi.
Ngabe umuthi wokugoma ungaphikiswa?
Yebo. Lapho kusilinganiso sokuqala kwenzeke ukusabela okubi kakhulu noma intombazane ine-aleji kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zomuthi wokugoma noma inesifo lokho kuphikisana nokugoma. Kulokhu, udokotela kufanele aziswe ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokugoma.