Sekungamashumi eminyaka isimungumungwane silawulwa sibonga umuthi wokugomela we-MMR, esivikela kokubili kulesi sifo nakumanqamu kanye ne-rubella. Kodwa-ke, ama-alamu ahlala evuliwe njenge- Imasisi iphakathi kwezifo eziyingozi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala.
Mhlawumbe kwabaningi, isimungumungwane isifo esidlule esiqediwe, noma kunjalo Odokotela, ososayensi kanye nochwepheshe baqinisekisa ukuthi sikude naleli qiniso.
Yini isimungumungwane
Imasisi ayilutho ngaphandle kokuthi a ukutheleleka okuphefumula okubangelwa igciwane, ezinezimpawu ezifana nalezo zomkhuhlane ekuqaleni yize kufanele ungeze ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okukhona emzimbeni wonke.
Kuyinto a isifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu ukuthi yize ilawulwa ngenxa yokugonywa kwabantu abaningi, isekhona emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa lapho izinhlelo zezempilo kanye nokuvikela ziyingozi kakhulu. Izingozi zobhubhane zibangelwa, ngokwengxenye, ukuthi akukabi khona umuthi othize wokwelapha nokuqeda lesi sifo. igciwane lesimungumungwane komzimba: kwanele ukuba seduze komuntu onesimungumungwane abe sengozini. Empeleni, imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi, ukube bebengenawo umuthi wokugoma, abantu abayi-9 kwabayishumi bebengatheleleka uma beseduze komuntu onegciwane ngoba ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngamaconsi wamathe, ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukuxhumana eduze nomuntu ogulayo.
Izimpawu zesimungumungwane
Njengoba sikhulume ngenhla, owokuqala izimpawu zesimungumungwane ezinganeni nakubantu abadala Ziyafana nezomkhuhlane, yize zivela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyi-8 umuntu esexhumene naleli gciwane.
Bese kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhwehlela okomile
- I-Rhinorrhea
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme
- Ukutheleleka kweso
- Izinduna
Mhlawumbe lesi sibonakaliso sokugcina singesinye sezimpawu. Endabeni yezingane, zingaveza izindawo ezincane ezibomvu ezinesikhungo esimhlophe ngokuluhlaza emlonyeni - esibizwa Izindawo zeKoplik- nangaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka.
Lapho ukuqhuma kuqala, kubonakala ngokuvela kwamabala abomvu asicaba ebunzini bese esakazeka kubo bonke ubuso bese eqhubeka entanyeni, esifubeni, ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Inqubo iyaqhubeka nenkambo yayo izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho ukuqubuka namabala kuqala ukwehla. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa le nqubo, ingane kufanele iphuziswe kahle futhi iye esibhedlela uma kungenzeka iphathwe yikhanda kakhulu, ihlanze noma ikhohlele kakhulu futhi ihlale njalo.
Omdala kunabo bonke ingozi yemasisi ukuthi iyi- isifo esingaholela ezinkingeni kalula, kusuka ukutheleleka kwezindlebe kuze kube yimpumputhe, inyumoniya, isifo sohudo esinzima nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukungondleki kahle noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis), ikakhulukazi ku- izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5. Ubunzima buzoncika emzimbeni ngamunye, yize izingane ezingondlekile kahle noma izingane ezinevithamini A enganele noma lezo ezinamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka zivezwa kakhulu.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka
Uma sikhuluma nge izingane nesimungumungwane, kuhle ukwazi ukuthi indlela engcono yokuzivikela ukusebenzisa i kathathu ukugomela igciwane noma umuthi wokugomela igciwane ophindwe kane, okuyinto ngaphezu kwe vikela isimungumungwane, the umumbu futhi i-rubella nayo isebenza ngokungahambisani nobuthi bezinkukhu.
El uhlelo lokugoma ezinganeni kusebenza ngokwengeziwe Yenziwe ngemithamo emibili, eyokuqala ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-15 kanti eyesibili ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezine nezingu-4 ubudala. Ngale ndlela, ukuvikelwa okungama-6% kuyambozwa, yize, ngokusho kwemininingwane evela enhlanganweni ye-Médecins Sans Frontières, emazweni abasebenza kuwo, uhlelo lokugoma lufaka kuphela umthamo owodwa, ohlanganisa ukuvikelwa okungama-99%, hhayi eSpain lapho imithamo inikezwa ukuze kutholwe imigomo ephelele yokugoma.
Kusuka ezifweni kuya kumqedazwe
Esikhathini esithile esedlule, iWorld Health Organisation yathumela isexwayiso ngenxa ye- ukwanda kwamacala ezimungumungwane eYurophu, iqiniso elingakhulumi nje kuphela ngokuthi lesi sifo sihlala sifihlekile kodwa futhi nangengozi engaba khona ubhadane lwesimungumungwane uma sibheka ukuthi lesi sifo sinengozi enkulu yokwanda emazweni lapho ukufakwa komuthi wokugoma kungafinyeleli kuma-95%. Yize ngokusho kwenhlangano Odokotela abangenayo imingcele, okwamanje ukumbozwa kusebenza kahle emazweni amaningi, umbiko we-World Health Organisation ka-2017 ukhulume ngokushona kwabantu abacishe babe yi-110.000 emhlabeni, izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ikakhulu.
Izizathu eziyinhloko? Okungezwe ekuntulekeni kwemali yokuqapha nokulawula ubhadane ukubakhona kwezinhlelo zezempilo ezilahlekile emazweni anezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa kanye nokwehla kwezinhlelo ze-Expanded Vaccination. Uma sinaka ukuthi siphila ezweni elinokuhamba okukhulu kwabantu, kulula ukuqonda izizathu zokuthi kungani lesi sifo sihlale siyingozi efihlekile.