Ukukhuluma ngesibopho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kukhulunywa nge Ukuxhumana komama nengane okuyingxenye yenqubo yemvelo yemvelo yokukhulelwa. Lokhu okunamathiselwe kubhekisa kunqubo engokwemvelo lapho umama ezwa khona imizwa nemizwelo enganeni yakhe, ixhumana naye futhi yakhe ubuntu bakhe bomama. Le nyunyana phakathi kowesifazane nengane yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yaziwa njengesibopho sikamama-fetal noma okunamathiselwe ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Cishe bonke abesifazane baqala isibopho somama lapho eqaphela ukuthi ukhulelwe, futhi ezimweni eziningi kuyaqiniswa ngenxa ye-ultrasound yokuqala, lapho ungabona khona umntwana esikrinini. Lapho ingane iqala ukunyakaza, futhi umama ezwa, okunamathiselwe kwe-intrauterine kuyaqina,
Izinguquko ze-Neural zokunamathiselwa ekukhulelweni
A Izinguquko kuma-hormone kowesifazane ziqala ezinsukwini eziyi-15 zokuphila kombungu, ezisebenza ebuchosheni bakho nawo wonke umzimba wakho. Amahomoni okukhulelwa enza inqubo ye-neurobiological ezomisa ubuchopho bomama. Izifundo zakamuva ezimbalwa ziveza izijikelezo zobuchopho ezibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwabesifazane ezintweni ezibukwayo nezishukumisayo ezivela enganeni engakazalwa.
Phakathi kwenyanga yesibili neyesine yokukhulelwa, iprogesterone inyuka izikhathi eziyishumi kuye kweziyi-10 ebuchosheni bomama, kunciphisa kakhulu impendulo yayo ekucindezelekeni. Umbungu ukhipha amasignali lokho khuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitters kumama njenge-oxytocin, prolactin kanye ne-dopamine.
Izinguquko ze-Neuroendocrine zivumela ukugcinwa kwenani elikhulu le-occytocin, i-hormone yothando nokwethembana, kulungiselela abesifazane izinselelo zokuba ngumama. I- ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki okutholwa yisistimu yezinzwa yabesifazane abakhulelwe kuqinisa isibopho sokunamathiselwe nendodana yakhe iqinisekisa ukuthi iyondla. Abesifazane abahlakulela okunamathiselwe okuqinile kokubeletha banesibopho esiqinile nengane yabo ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.
Lapho isibopho se-intrauterine senzeka
Yize ama-hormone nezinguquko ze-neural zenza umsebenzi wazo, umama kufanele asungule isibopho sokunamathisela ekukhulelweni. Uma umama evaliwe ngokomzwelo, umntwana ongakazalwa ngeke azi ukuthi enzeni. Isikhathi esikahle sokuthi lesi sixhumanisi sisungulwe izinyanga ezintathu zokugcina zokukhulelwa, futhi ikakhulukazi ezimbili zokugcina. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi imicabango kamama ngokuba ngumzali noma ingane iyesabeka noma ibhekwe kakhulu, futhi ibhalansi igcina isinamathiselwe ngokweqile, noma ukwaliwa. Izinsizakusebenza zangaphakathi kanye nokukhula ngokomzwelo kukamama kuzoba yisinqumo
Ngokwengxenye yayo ingane iqala ukwakha isibopho sokunamathiselwa nonina cishe ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, iqala ukuthuthukisa ukukhathazeka ngokwehlukana, into engokwemvelo ekukhuleni kwayo. UMargaret Mahler uqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingane zidlula esigabeni sokwehlukana nokuzikhethela.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luqinisekisile ukuthi isimilo sengane esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 nezingu-18 singabikezelwa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokwazi kuphela amaphethini omama wokunamathisela ukukhulelwa. UJohn Bowlby ngeminyaka yama-50s, waqamba izinhlobo ezi-3 zokunamathiselwa ezinganeni, ngokwesibopho esidalwe phakathi kwabo nabazali babo, abanakekeli noma ababheki. Kamuva yandiswa yaba ngu-1 ngaphezulu. Uma ufuna ukubazi sincoma Lesi sihloko.
Okunamathiselwe ekukhulelweni, nangemva kokukhulelwa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangemva kokuzalwa kwengane, umama udlula esigabeni esiyingqayizivele empilweni yakhe. Thola ukuzwa okusha, amaphupho, ukwesaba nezifiso, lapho kubizelwe khona. Umlaza womama (Stern, 1997). Isipiliyoni sokukhulelwa yi- isigaba esakha ukuchazwa kabusha kwabesifazane.
La ukuvikeleka ngokomzwelo lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ezikhulela khona njengomama kuzothinta isibopho owadala nendodana noma indodakazi yakho kusukela ukhulelwe. Ukukhulelwa isikhathi esinamandla lapho kutholakala khona amandla amakhulu kanye nokuba sengozini okukhulu. Owesifazane ubuyisa umlando wakhe wokuzibophezela, futhi kwandisa ingozi yokudangala noma ukuvuselelwa kwezifo zangaphambilini.
Ucwaningo olucashunwe nguCorrea noJadresic (2000) luveze ukuthi ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokubeletha, i- ubungozi bokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwabesifazane bebuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-35 kunangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Phakathi kwalezi zinkinga ababhali bathole i-postpartum dysphoria, ukucindezeleka okungekho kwengqondo kokuzalwa kokubeletha kanye ne-postpartum psychosis ngamaphesenti amancane kakhulu.