Kusukela ekuzalweni, izingane eziningi ziyezwa futhi zizwe imisindo. Eqinisweni, sebevele bayayibona le misindo ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe. Indlebe yengane ivuthwe ngokuphelele emasontweni angama-25 ikhulelwe. Kodwa-ke lokhu akwenzeki kubo bonke abantwana, kunabafana namantombazane abazalwa benokuzwa kokuzwa endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ubumpumputhe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kusukela ngo-2007, i-World Health Organization igqugquzele uSuku Lwezizwe Lokuzwa, olugujwa njalo ngoMashi 3, ukuba ukugqugquzela ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhubazeka kokuzwa noma inkinga lokho kungathunyelwa kubantu nasezinganeni emhlabeni jikelele.
Izikhathi zokuthola izinkinga zokuzwa kwengane ezingaba khona
Yize ingane inezindlebe ezivuthiwe kusukela ngesikhathi izalwa, kungathatha isikhashana ukuthi ibe ngu-100%. Olunye uketshezi lwe-amniotic lungahlala ngaphakathi, futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukumunca. Vuliwe izingane zivame ukuhlolelwa ukuzwa ngenyanga yokuqala. Ingane ihambisa amehlo ayo ibheke ezwini lakho, izokuhlukanisa futhi yazi izwi lomuntu kunoma yimuphi omunye umsindo.
Ngaphambi kwamasonto amane ingane isivele isebenzisa ukukhala kwayo ukuxhumana nawe, Futhi angakwenza ngoba uyezwa futhi uyazibona yena kanye nempendulo yakho ekukhaleni kwakhe. Cishe emasontweni ayisithupha uqala ukuhlanganisa ukubona nokuzwa kwakhe. Uma ubona ukuthi lobu budlelwano abenzeki, sincoma ukuthi udokotela wezingane enze ukubuyekeza okujulile kokuzwa kwengane.
Izingane baqala ukufunda ukukhuluma nokuzuza ulimi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zempilo. Bayakwazi ukuthola imisindo eminingi kunabantu abadala. Ngaphambi kokuphimisa igama elilodwa uzobe esevele esebhebhezela amafonimi, futhi agigitheke. Ngonyaka wokuqala uzogxila emisindweni yolimi lwakho lwebele, okuzoba yilona olilalela kakhulu.
Ukuhlola nini ukuzwa kwengane yami?
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuzwa kuzokwenziwa enganeni esanda kuzalwa, ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele ukwenze ngaphambi kwenyanga yokuqala. Izinkinga zokuzwa ziyelapheka uma zisheshe zabanjwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuba ingane inezinyanga ezintathu izelwe. Futhi ungazishiyi njengoba ingane ikhula, ukuzwa kokuzwa kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Zingasetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola ukuzwa kwengane, ngokuya ngeminyaka yazo, ukukhula, kanye nempilo. Kunezivivinyo ezimbili ezehlukene zokuhlola ukuzwa kwezinsana, kukho kokubili kumele uphumule noma ulale. Ukuhlolwa kwe-otoacoustic emkhathini kuhlola ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zendlebe ziyasabela yini emsindweni. Olunye uvivinyo, impendulo ezwakalayo ihlola ukuphendulwa komsindo we-nerve auditory kanye ne-brainstem, ethwala umsindo kusuka endlebeni kuya ebuchosheni.
La Ukuzwa kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane kwezenhlalo, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo. Ngisho nokulahleka okuncane noma okuncane kungathinta amandla akho okukhuluma nokuqonda ulimi. Uma ngabe ukungenelela kusenesikhathi, Izingane ezinokuzwa zithuthukisa amakhono olimi azisiza ukuxhumana ngokukhululeka futhi zifunde ngokuzimisela.
Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa kwengane kokuzwa
Ezinye ze izimbangela ezivame kakhulu Izizathu zokuthi kungani ingane ilahlekelwe ukuzwa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele yilezi: yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngezinkinga zokubeletha, yahlala egunjini labagula kakhulu, yaba nokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-bilirubin futhi yadinga ukumpontshelwa, yathola imishanguzo engadala ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ine umlando womndeni. Uke waba nokutheleleka kwezindlebe njalo, noma i-meningitis noma i-cytomegalovirus.
La ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwa kudalwa ukuphazamiseka kokudluliswa yomsindo endlebeni yangaphakathi. Izinsana nezingane ezincane kwesinye isikhathi ziba nokulahleka kokuzwa okuvela ezifweni zendlebe. Lokhu kuvame ukuba mnene, okwesikhashana, futhi kuyelapheka ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa.
La inzwa yokuzwa engezwa, ingaba mnene, ilinganiselwe, inzima noma ijule. Kwesinye isikhathi iyathuthuka futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihambisana. Kuhlobene nokungahleleki kahle, ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukulimala endlebeni yangaphakathi, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, nezinkinga ku-cortex ezwakalayo yobuchopho.