I-zygote ukuhlangana kweqanda nesidoda. Yaziwa nangokuthi iqanda elivundisiwe. I-zygote iqala njengengqamuzana elilodwa kodwa ihlukana ngokushesha ezinsukwini ngemva kokuvundiswa. Ingqamuzana elilodwa le-zygote liqukethe ama-chromosome adingekayo angu-46, athola angu-23 esidodeni nangama-23 eqandeni.
Isigaba se-zygote sifushane futhi ihlala cishe izinsuku ezine. Cishe ngosuku lwesihlanu, inqwaba yamaseli aziwa ngokuthi i-blastocyst. Umbungu ukhula kule blastocyst.
Akhiwa kanjani ama-zygote?
Ukuze abantu ababili bazalane, kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthi isidoda esisodwa singene ngaphandle kweqanda ngesikhathi sokuvundiswa. Phakathi nomjikelezo wokuzala onempilo, iqanda elilodwa likhishwa ku-follicle liye eshubhuni ye-fallopian ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma isidoda sikhona, izinkulungwane zizozama ukungena kuleli qanda elilodwa. Lapho isidoda siphumela ngaphandle, kwakheka i-zygote. Ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali ebusweni beqanda kuvimbela esinye isidoda ukuba singangeni kulo. futhi.
Ukuvundisa ngosizo lwezokwelapha nakho kungenzeka, futhi, empeleni, kuya kuvame kakhulu. I-intrauterine insemination kanye ne-in vitro fertilization yizindlela ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezisiza ukukhiqiza.. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-intrauterine, isidoda sifakwa esibelethweni nge-catheter futhi ukuvundiswa kwenzeka ngaphakathi komzimba. Nge ukukhulelwa kwe-in vitro, amaqanda akhishwa ezikhiqiza amaqanda futhi avundiswa elabhorethri. I-blastocyst ibe isifakwa esibelethweni.
Kusukela ku-zygote kuya ku-embryo
Ama-zygote ahlukana ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-mitosis, lapho iseli ngalinye liphindaphinda. Lesi sigaba samasonto amabili saziwa njengenkathi yokukhula kwamagciwane futhi sisuka ekukhulelweni kuya ekufakweni kwe-blastocyst esibelethweni. I-sperm cell iqukethe ulwazi lofuzo lukababa, kuyilapho iqanda liqukethe ulwazi lofuzo lukamama.. Ngenxa yokuthi ingqamuzana ngalinye liqukethe ingxenye yezakhi zofuzo, ingqamuzana ngalinye laziwa ngokuthi iseli le-haploid. Lapho la mangqamuzana amabili e-haploid ehlangana, akha iseli elilodwa le-diploid eliqukethe wonke ama-chromosome adingekayo.
I-zygote ibe seyehla ngeshubhu le-fallopian iye esibelethweni. Njengoba ihamba, amangqamuzana ayo ahlukana ngokushesha futhi abe i-blastocyst. Uma isisesibelethweni, i-blastocyst kumele ifakwe olwelweni ukuze thola ukudla okudingayo ukukhula nokuphila. Isikhathi sokukhula kwe-embryonic sisukela emasontweni amabili emva kokukhulelwa kuya esontweni lesishiyagalombili., phakathi naleso sikhathi umzimba waziwa ngokuthi umbungu. Esontweni lesishiyagalolunye ngemva kokukhulelwa, isikhathi se-fetus siqala. Kusukela kuleli qophelo kuze kube sekubelethweni, umzimba waziwa ngokuthi i-fetus.
Isigaba sokuqala sintekenteke
Akuwona wonke ama-zygote afinyelela esigabeni esilandelayo sokukhula ngaphambi kokubeletha. Iphesenti elikhulu layo yonke imiqondo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ayiphumeleli ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Abacwaningi basola ukuthi lokhu kulahlekelwa kuhlobene nokungajwayelekile. Ezimweni zokuphuphuma kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe, ukungavamile kwe-chromosomal kwabazali kuvame ukusolwa. Endabeni yalokhu kuphuphunyelwa yizisu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, owesifazane angase angazi ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi angase ophe ngendlela efanayo naleyo esesikhathini.
I-intrauterine insemination kanye ne-in vitro fertilization nakho kungahluleka. Ucwaningo luhlobanise imingcele engalungile yesidoda nokulethwa okuhlulekile. ukufakwa kwe-intrauterine. Amaqanda asezingeni eliphansi kanye nokushoda kwehomoni ezinye izizathu ezaziwayo zokwehluleka kwale ndlela yokuzala. Amazinga empumelelo ye-IVF ayahluka ngeminyaka. I-in vitro fertilization inethuba eliphezulu lokuphumelela kubazali abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Izinto ezingaba nomthelela empumelelweni noma ekuhlulekeni kwe-IVF zihlanganisa iminyaka yabazali, ukukhulelwa nokulahlekelwa kwangaphambili, amandla okuphila kwamaqanda, kanye nembangela eyinhloko yokungazali.