Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngomuthi wokugomela i-Prevenar 13 (owawubizwa ngokuthi i-Prevenar 7), futhi uma kufanele ugomele ingane yakho ngawo, ungase ucasuke ukuthi awumahhala, njengoba umthamo ngamunye ubiza kakhulu (kunemithamo emithathu iyonke). Kodwa ukugomela ingane yakho nge-Prevenar kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuyindlela kuphela yokuvimbela izifo ezingaba yingozi ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane.
Uyini umuthi wokugoma we-Prevenar
I-Prevenar 13 iwumuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal oqukethe izingcezu ezithathwe ezinhlotsheni eziyishumi nantathu zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zebhaktheriya i-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lawa mabhaktheriya abangela izifo ezihlaselayo njenge-pneumonia, i-sepsis, kanye ne-meningitis. Umuthi wokugomela usebenza ngokubangela impendulo yomzimba kumagciwane ngaphandle kokubangela ukugula.
Yini ngempela equkethwe kuyo? I-Prevenar 13 ifaka phakathi ama-polysaccharide e-capsular ama-serotypes angu-13 e-pneumococcal (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, kanye no-23F) ahlanganiswe neprotheni ethwala i-CRM197. Njengomuthi wokugomela ohlanganisiwe, ukhiqiza inkumbulo ye-immunological kanye nezimpendulo ezinamandla nezihlala isikhathi eside kunemithi yokugomela elula ye-polysaccharide.
Lokho ekuvikelayo nalokho engakuvikeli: Isiza ekuvimbeleni isifo se-pneumococcal esihlaselayo (i-IPD), i-pneumonia, kanye, ngezinga elithile, i-otitis media ebangelwa ama-serotype afakiwe. Ayivikeli kuma-serotype angafakiwe noma amanye amagciwane abangela i-meningitis noma i-otitis.
Ubiza malini umuthi wokugoma
Manje abazali abaningi sebenquma ukuthi bazobagomela yini abantwana babo noma cha, ngoba yize lo muthi wokugomela ubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni izifo ezinganeni kanye nasemphakathini jikelele, kubonakala sengathi imiphakathi ikhetha ukuyeka ukuwuxhasa futhi umthamo ngamunye ubiza cishe ama-euro angu-75.
Lo mjovo uzoxhaswa kuphela abazali abanezingane ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona ngoba kulokhu kubonakala sengathi kuyadingeka. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi zonke izingane ezinempilo, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezomnotho sabazali bazo, kufanele zigonywe nge-Prevenar 13.
Intengo ekhombayo: izindleko zingahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuthengisa ingakanani, imali etholakala emphakathini wakho, noma umshwalense wakho. Njalo hlola nesikhungo sakho sezempilo noma ikhemisi ukuthola intengo yamanje kanye nanoma yiziphi izinketho zokumboza.
Isebenza kanjani imijovo yokugoma?
Uma umzimba uvezwa ezintweni eziphilayo zakwamanye amazwe ezifana namagciwane noma amagciwane, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikhiqiza ama-antibodies alwa nawo. Ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kunganezela ekuvikeleni okunikezwa yimigomo futhi kusize ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka emphakathini.
Amasosha omzimba azokhiqiza ama-antibodies ahlukene esilwane ngasinye sangaphandle esihlangana naso, ngaleyo ndlela asungule isethi yama-antibodies azosiza ekuvikeleni umzimba ezifweni ezahlukene ezahlukene, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu angahlala ephilile naphezu kwalezi zimo.
Inkumbulo kanye nempendulo yokusebenza: Ngaphezu kwamazinga e-antibody, ikhono lama-antibodies lokunciphisa nokusiza ekuqedeni i-pneumococcus (umsebenzi we-opsonophagocytic) liyisihluthulelo. Imithi yokugoma ehlanganisiwe, njenge-Prevenar 13, ibangela le mpendulo yokusebenza kanye nenkumbulo ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kwenzekani ngempela?
Imijovo iqukethe izingcezu noma izinhlobo ezingasebenzi zamabhaktheriya noma amagciwane abangela izifo. Lezi zinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezishintshiwe zizovuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze sikhiqize ama-antibodies adingekayo; empeleni ngeke zibangele noma yikuphi ukugula. Ama-antibodies azohlala emzimbeni ukuze umuntu akwazi ukulwa namagciwane ngokwemvelo futhi awahlasele, ngaleyo ndlela awavimbele ekubangeleni izifo.
Igciwane ngalinye lizokhuthaza umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-antibody ethile ezolwa nezifo uma kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka imijovo ehlukene ukuvimbela izifo ezahlukene. I-Prevenar 13 iqukethe izingcezu ezingasebenzi zezinhlobo ezingu-13 ezahlukene zamabhaktheriya.
Umphumela wabantu: Ngaphezu kokuvikela umuntu ogonyiwe, ngokunciphisa ukungena kwe-nasopharyngeal kuma-serotypes okugonywa, ukuvikelwa okungaqondile kukhiqizwa emphakathini ngokunciphisa ukudluliselwa, inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ezinsaneni, asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Ukugoma kufanele kube ngemithamo emi-3
Ukugoma kumele kunikezwe ngemithamo emithathu kanti uma abazali bethenga umuthi wokugoma kumele kunikezwe ezinyangeni ezimbili, ezine kanye nezinyanga ezingu-12.
Ishejuli yokugoma evamile yezinsana: Iziphathimandla eziningi zezempilo zincoma imithamo emibili ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila kanye ne- booster phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-11 nezingu-15 (ishejuli engu-2+1). Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lokugoma oluyinhloko lwemithamo emithathu kanye ne-booster (3+1). Udokotela wakho wezingane uzonquma ishejuli efanele yendawo yakini.
Umthamo kanye nesilinganiso esincane: Umthamo ngu -0,5 ml ngomjovo ngamunye, futhi kumele kube okungenani inyanga eyodwa phakathi kwemijovo ochungechungeni lokuqala lwezingane. I-booster inikezwa onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kusukela kumthamo wokugcina ochungechungeni.
Izinhlelo zokuhlenga ngeminyaka yobudala:
- Izingane ezingagonyiwe ezinezinyanga eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-11: Imithamo emi-2 ihlukaniswe okungenani inyanga engu-1 futhi umthamo wesithathu njengesiqiniseko onyakeni wesibili wokuphila.
- Izingane ezingagonyiwe ezinezinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kwezingama-23: 2 imithamo ehlukaniswe okungenani izinyanga ezingama-2.
- Izingane kanye nentsha kusukela eminyakeni 2 kuya 17 ubudala: umthamo owodwa Ngokuvamile kwanele uma benempilo futhi bengagonywanga ngaphambilini.
Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: udokotela wezingane angakhetha ishejuli enemithamo emi-3 ngonyaka wokuqala kanye ne-booster, kusukela emavikini ayi-6 ubudala, kanye nezikhawu ezincane zenyanga eyodwa phakathi kwemithamo kanye ne-booster phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-11 neziyi-15. Ishejuli eqondile ihlukaniswa ngokwesimo somtholampilo.
Abantu abadala: Kunikezwa umthamo owodwa . Yazisa udokotela wakho uma uke wathola umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) ngaphambilini ukuze kuhlanganiswe isikhathi esifanele phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
Uma i-Prevenar 7 itholakele: izinsana nezingane ezazigonywe nge-Prevenar (7-valent) zingaqeda nge-Prevenar 13 ngokulandela izincomo zikadokotela wezingane.
Kufanele ugcinwe kanjani umuthi wokugoma?
Umuthi wokugoma kumele ugcinwe kude nezingane. Awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi oluboniswe ephaketheni lomkhiqizo (lolu usuku lokugcina lwenyanga olubonisiwe). Kumelwe uwugcine esiqandisini ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka -2 no-8ºC, kodwa ungalokothi uwuqandise.
Amathiphu engeziwe okugcina: Gcina isirinji ivikelekile ekukhanyeni ngaphakathi kwebhokisi layo, gwema ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe, futhi ungayishukumisi ngamandla. Uma iqanda, kufanele ilahlwe.
Kunini lapho kunengozi enkulu khona?
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga uma zinesifo se-pneumococcal. Izingane ezisengozini enkulu zihlanganisa nalabo abanezinkinga zenhliziyo ezingamahlalakhona, izinkinga zamaphaphu, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma ukwelashwa. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu zinamathuba amaningi okubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Amanye amaqembu asengozini: i-asplenia esebenzayo noma e-anatomical (kufaka phakathi i-sickle cell anemia), i-cochlear implant noma abantu abazoyithatha, i-cerebrospinal fluid fistulas , ukutheleleka nge-HIV, ukwelashwa ngemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba (i-chemotherapy, i-corticosteroids esezingeni eliphezulu, ama-biological agents), kanye nabantu asebekhulile noma labo abanezinkinga ezingapheli zofuzo.
Kungani ukugoma kubalulekile kulabo abasengozini: amathuba okuba ne-bacterial pneumonia, i-meningitis, kanye ne-sepsis aphezulu, futhi izinkinga zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ukugoma kunciphisa kakhulu lezi zenzakalo kanye nokwamukelwa esibhedlela okuhambisanayo.
Ilawulwa kanjani?
Umuthi wokugomela i-Prevenar 13 unikezwa kanje: ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala, umjovo emsipheni wethanga, kanye nasengxenyeni engenhla yengalo yezingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala.
Indlela kanye nobuchwepheshe: Indlela enconywayo yokuphathwa kwe -intramuscular . Umthamo u- 0,5 ml ngomthamo ngamunye. Ezinsaneni, indawo ekhethwayo yi- vastus lateralis (ithanga); ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala, i- deltoid.
Uma kukhona ingozi yokopha: kubantu abane-thrombocytopenia noma izinkinga zokopha, inganikezwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Ukuphathwa kanye neminye imijovo: Kungaphathwa ngosuku olufanayo neminye imijovo ehlelweni, ezindaweni ezahlukene zomzimba . Uma inganikezwa ngosuku olufanayo, akudingekile ukuyihlukanisa ngezikhawu ezikhethekile ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngokuqondile.
Uma uphuthelwe umthamo: hlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wezingane noma umhlengikazi ukuze uhlele kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Asikho isidingo sokuqala kabusha uchungechunge ; vele uqhubeke lapho ugcine khona.
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi
Lo muthi wokugomela uhlinzeka kuphela ngesivikelo ezifweni ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezingu-13 ze-Streptococcus pneumoniae ezifakwe emgomweni, kodwa awuvikeli kwamanye amaqembu amagciwane e-pneumococcal noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezibangela i-meningitis, i-septicemia, noma i-otitis media.
Ukuvikelwa komuntu ngamunye kanye neqembu: Njengoba ukumbozwa kukhuphuka, ukusabalala kwama-serotype okugoma kuyancipha, okuzuzisa ngisho nabantu abangagonywanga. Noma kunjalo, amacala angase avele ngenxa yama-serotype angafakwanga emgomeni noma ngenxa yokusabela okwanele komzimba kwezinye iziphrofayili zezokwelapha.
Inhlanganisela neminye imijovo ye-pneumococcal: Uma udokotela wakho ehlela nokusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela we-23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23), uzokweluleka ngokulandelana okufanele kanye nesikhathi sokwandisa impendulo yomzimba. Gwema ukuxuba imijovo kwisirinji efanayo.
Akufanele iphathwe uma ...
Uma abantu benomzimba obuthakathaka ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, noma ukwelashwa okunamandla okucindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, abakwazi ukukhiqiza impendulo efanele yamasosha omzimba kulo muthi wokugomela.
Lo muthi wokugomela akufanele usetshenziswe kubantu abanokuzwela noma ukungezwani komzimba , noma kulabo abanomkhuhlane noma ukugula okungazelelwe okukhulu.
Ukusabela kwangaphambilini: Unganikeli noma ubani oke waba ne -anaphylaxis noma ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba kumthamo wangaphambilini noma kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomjovo (kufaka phakathi iphrotheni ethwala). Uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane omkhulu noma ukugula okuphakathi kuya kokubi kakhulu, hlehlisa ukugoma kuze kube yilapho ululama.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kwenziwe ...
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu izingane ezinomlando womndeni wokuquleka ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Nakuba zingathola umuthi wokugoma, udokotela kufanele ahlole ukuthi kufanele yini anikeze umthamo we-paracetamol noma i-ibuprofen ukuvimbela ingane ukuthi ingabi nomkhuhlane ngemva kokugoma. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo enikezwa udokotela noma umhlengikazi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kubantu abasengozini yokopha ngemva kokujova (njengabantwana abane -hemophilia noma amazinga aphansi e-platelet egazini), kufanele kunikezwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba endaweni ethile emisipheni.
Ukusebenzisana kanye nokwelashwa: Lo muthi unganikezwa iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ngama-steroids noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokucindezela amasosha omzimba, yize impendulo ingase yehle . Xoxa njalo ngemithi yakho nodokotela wakho.
Imiphumela emibi
Yonke imijovo ingaba nemiphumela emibi engathinta abantu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kunemiphumela emibi eyaziwayo, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi yonke ingane ethola umjovo izobhekana nayo yonke; ngokuvamile, akukho miphumela emibi ezovela. Ukuze ufunde ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona, funda isethulo sephakheji ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane yakho umjovo noma ubuze udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.
Imiphumela emibi evamile nelula ihlanganisa ubuhlungu noma ukubomvu endaweni yokujova, ukucasuka, ukozela noma ukuphazamiseka kokulala, umkhuhlane omncane , kanye nokuncipha kwesifiso sokudla. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela zingakapheli amahora angama-24-48 ngezinyathelo ezilula.
Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka: umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuqubuka, nokukhala okuqhubekayo. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani, xhumana nodokotela wezingane.
Okungavamile kakhulu kodwa okungathi sÃna: ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic, ukuquleka okubangelwa umkhuhlane, i-apnea ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa esibhedlela. Izikhungo zokugoma zikulungele ukusabela. Funa usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kwezindebe noma ubuso, noma ukuqubuka okusabalele, okuhlabayo kakhulu.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kuchaza ukuthi i-Prevenar 13 iyini, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, umthamo wayo ngokweminyaka, ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa kwayo, izithiyo, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Ngokufaka lezi zincomo, imindeni ingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kanye nodokotela wezingane futhi ifake isandla ekunciphiseni kakhulu umthwalo wesifo se-pneumococcal emphakathini.
