Kuyini ukwehluka okusebenzayo? Leli gama linikezwa isethi yezinkinga noma imibandela engavimba impilo yansuku zonke yomfana noma yentombazane. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ukukhubazeka okusebenzayo kuchaza labo abanezinkinga ezithinta ukwakheka komzimba wabo kanjalo ukulinganiselwa kokwenza izenzo zansuku zonke noma ukugcina ubudlelwane bezenhlalo nontanga. Ngenxa yobubanzi bayo, siyakhuluma futhi izinhlobo zokwehluka okusebenzayo, ngoba leli gama lihlanganisa izimo eziningana.
Igama ukwehluka okusebenzayo ingena esikhundleni salokho ngaphambili okwaziwa ngokuthi 'ukukhubazeka'. Yigama lamanje eliqukethe iqoqo lezinkinga nemibandela kepha lapho isiqalo sayo sihluke kakhulu. Leli gama namuhla lamukelwa ngokwengeziwe emphakathini. Noma, njengoba abanye besho, kuyigama "elilungile ngokwezepolitiki" ukubhekisa kulokho ngaphambili okwaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhubazeka«. Ukwehluka okusebenzayo kunikeza ukubukeka kwentando yeningi nokulingana. Igama ukwehluka lisho ubuntu bomuntu ngamunye. Khonamanjalo, igama elithi "ukukhubazeka" lisho “ukuntuleka” maqondana "nokujwayelekile" okuthile, into namuhla engasasebenzi.
Ake sikhulume ngokuhlukahluka okusebenzayo
Ngaphandle kwe izinhlobo zokwehluka okusebenzayo, Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lo mqondo ukhuluma ngezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntuleka, okungukuthi, ukulahleka kwesakhiwo noma umsebenzi, kungaba ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokukhubazeka, okungukuthi, ukuvinjelwa noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele komsebenzi othile. Futhi ekugcineni, kukhona ukukhubazeka, okuyilapho umuntu eveza isimo esingesihle ngenxa yokushoda noma ukukhubazeka okuthinta impilo yabo yansuku zonke.
Kulezi zici, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka okusebenzayo, okungahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye ngokuya ngokuthintekile. Ngakho-ke, kukhona Izinhlobo ezi-5 zokwehluka okusebenzayo: imoto, ukubukwa, ukuzwa, ubuhlakani kanye nemimoya, kanye nezinsizakalo eziningi.
Izinhlobo zokwehluka okusebenzayo
Kunzima ukuqonda ngokugcwele lesi sihloko uma singakhulumi ngokuhlukile izinhlobo ukwehluka okusebenzayo ngoba ngayinye yazo isho izinselelo ezahlukahlukene. Umzimba noma imoto isho ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba okubeka umkhawulo noma okuvimbela ukusebenza kokunyakaza okuthile, njengokuhamba, ukukhohlisa kwezinto ngisho nokuphefumula. Kungaba ngenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ezinkingeni zamathambo noma zemisipha kuya ezingozini. Futhi njengomphumela wezinkinga ezithile ku-motor cortex. I- ukwehluka kwemoto okusebenzayo kuvamile ezinganeni ezine-multiple sclerosis, ukulimala komgogodla, i-spina bifida, i-cerebral palsy, i-muscular dystonia, ne-achondroplasia.
La ukwehluka okubukwayo kokusebenza kufaka phakathi kokubili ukungaboni kanye nezinkinga zokubona okuncane. Kufaka phakathi izingane ezine-cataract, i-strabismus, i-inflammations yamehlo, njll. Ngokuya ngobunzima, kungaba yinkinga ukuthuthukisa impilo yansuku zonke. I- ukwehluka ukuzwa Ixhunyaniswe nezinkinga zokuzwa noma ubunzima, into engaba mnene kakhulu futhi engathinti impilo yansuku zonke noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isithulu.
Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga zombono nezokuzwa zingaholela ekukhubazekeni ekufundeni. Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kungahle kube nokukhubazeka kokuzwa okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke, into, ngokwesibonelo, eyenzeka lapho kuthuthukiswa isimo. Uma ingane ingezwa kahle, iyoba nobunzima obukhulu bokuthola nokuqonda ulimi.
Ukwahlukahluka kokusebenza kwengqondo nobuningi
La ukwehluka kokusebenza kwengqondo Luhlobo lwesine futhi luchaza labo bantu abanokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthinta ukusebenza kwabo nempilo yansuku zonke. Lapho kuvela ubunzima bokuqonda, sikhuluma ngokukhubazeka. Uma ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume "ngokubambezeleka kwengqondo", namuhla izinkinga zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nobunzima bokufunda kubhekisa ekwehlukaneni kobuhlakani nangokwengqondo.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kungathinta ukukhula kwengqondo, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Izibonelo zalesi simo yi-Down Syndrome. Ukwahlukahlukana kobuhlakani kubhekisa ebuhlakani, kanti ukwahlukahlukana kwengqondo kubhekisa ekuxhumaneni nasekuxhumaneni nomphakathi okuthinta ukusebenza okuguqukayo kepha kungaxhunyaniswa nobuhlakani. Lokhu kunjalo ngesifo se-bipolar noma i-schizophrenia.
Ekugcineni, kukhona ukwehlukahlukana okuhlukahlukene ihlanganisa abantu abanezinkinga zokuzwa nokubona. I-Usher syndrome yaziwa kakhulu futhi ifaka phakathi izingane ezizalwe zinezinkinga zokuzwa ezibuye zingaboni emehlweni ebusheni.