I-American Academy Yezingane ushicilele umbiko ngokuzibulala kwentsha ezifundweni zezingane nokunaka imicabango yokuzibulala. Ngalokho Iziqondiso zeminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye edlule zibuyekeziwe ezisetshenziswa odokotela bezingane kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abahlobene nobuntwana kanye nokuthomba; inhloso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezahlukene zihlolwa kahle. izimo zengozi ezinganeni ezincane kanye nokungenelela kusenesikhathi nangendlela ehlelekile.
Sabala lapha ukuthi ukuzibulala kuyimbangela yesithathu yokufa kwabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-19, kodwa e-United States banezibalo ezethusayo: Sekuyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokufa phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-19 ubudalakuphela ukulimala okungahlosiwe Basemuva kakhulu ekuqubukeni kwalesi sifo. UBenjamin Shain, njengombhali oholayo kanye nomholi wocwaningo, uthi ukwesabisa nokuhlukumeza Lezi yizici ezibangela lokhu, futhi ekugcineni sekuqashelwe ngokucacile ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kokuxhashazwa nokuzibulala.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona imbangela yodwa, njengoba izici zobungozi Kuneziningana, kanti eziningi izici zokuvikela Lezi zingozi ziyancishiswa uma abantu abadala abaphethe lezi zingane (ezisaphila) bengakwazi ukubona izinguquko noma ukungenelela lapho kudingeka. Izici ezandisa ubuthakathaka zifaka: umlando wokuzibulala (noma imizamo) kuwe, umbono wokuzibulala wamalungu omndeni phambi komntwana omncane, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kubazali, ukubuzwa kwe- ukuthambekela kobulili noma ubuwena kanye nokuntuleka kokwamukelwa yimvelo ezungezile, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzweloizinkinga zempilo yengqondo (kufaka phakathi izinkinga zokulala o Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar), iziqephu ze ubuthi bezidakamizwa, the ukucindezela kwangemva kokubeletha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ICT noma i-inthanethi okubangela izifo, phakathi kwezinye.
Izifundo zakamuva zempilo yengqondo yentsha zikhomba nokuthi kukhona ukwanda kwe- ukukhathazeka okukhulu, izimpawu zokucindezeleka, ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, kanye izinkinga zokudla, ukuzilimaza, kanye nokuziphatha kokuzibulalaKonke lokhu kudala isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho ukucindezeleka nokuxhashazwa Lezi zici ezimbili ziba yizici ezibalulekile ezingahlangana futhi zandise ingozi yokuzibulala uma kungekho inethiwekhi yokusekela enhle.
Ukuzibulala kwentsha: umqondo wangempela kodwa ongabonakali kubantu abadala
Kukhona nezinye izimbangela ezifana nokuthi ukuwohloka kobudlelwano bomndeni, the ubunzima esikoleni, the ukwahlukaniswa nomphakathi kanye nokweqisa izingcindezi empilweni yabo. Umbuzo uwukuthi: ingabe siyazi ukuthi intsha isengozini kangakanani? Ngezinye izikhathi omama nobaba bakholelwa ukuthi njengoba izingane zabo zikhula kufanele siziqhelelanise; nokho, kanye nokubanika isikhala sabo kanye nokuhlonipha ubumfihlo babo, Singaba khona futhi kufanele sibe khona njengezibonelo.Siyizibonelo, sisebenza njengabaqondisi, futhi singakwazi futhi ngokomzwelo, ukusiza uku phatha imizwaUkuze ubhekane nezinkinga zabo, hlonipha izinto abazithandayo nezidingo zabo.
Ukuba ngumama nokuba ngubaba kuyizindlela ezivuzayo kakhulu, kodwa kuyizindlela ezinde, futhi ngesizathu esihle: Ngabantu abakhiwayoNgesikhathi sobusha, ubuchopho kanye nobuntu kuyashintsha kakhulu, futhi ingane isengozini enkulu. ivumelane nethonya lomphakathi kanye nobudlelwanoUkuxhashazwa ontanga, ukwenqatshwa yiqembu, noma okuhlangenwe nakho kokungafaneleki kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu uma kungekho bantu abadala abatholakalayo ukusekela lokho kuhlupheka.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu indima yezokuxhumana kanye nendawo yedijithali: ukuxhashazwa kwe-cyber Kungandisa umonakalo amahora angama-24 ngosuku, ngaphandle kokuphumula. Ukungaziwa, ithuba lokusabalalisa izithombe noma imibono ehlazisayo, kanye nesivinini lapho ulwazi lusakazeka khona kwandisa umthelela ku- ukuzethemba kanye nempilo yengqondo yentsha. Umuzwa "wokungakwazi ukuphunyuka" ekugconweni noma ezinsongweni uhlobene ngqo nokwanda kwe- Umbono wokuzibulala kulabo abahlushwa yiso.
Lapha sikhulumile yokudangala nengcindezi ezinganeni, kanye ne- ukulimala okwenziweukuthola ukuthi umuntu ophila impilo yakhe yonke uyathuthuka izingxabano ezingokomzwelo ezinkulu kangaka Kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ikhambi liwukuthi ukubhekana nezinkinga kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani, ngoba intombazane noma umfana akanakukwazi ukuzibamba eyedwa.
Ukwesaba, amahloni, nokungaqiniseki kuzokwenza abantu abadala ezimweni eziningi bathambekele ekuziphatheni kabi. ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka noma ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kumane kuyimicabango noma amaphupho "afuna ukunakwa". Kodwa-ke, imicabango yokuzibulala inesisekelo sangempela, i- ukungakhululeki okujulile Akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphandle, kodwa kuyabonakala, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela embi kakhulu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali, othisha, kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo bakuthathe ngokungathi sína. Noma yikuphi ukuphawula ngokufa, ukufuna ukunyamalala, noma ukungafuni ukuqhubeka nokuphila..
Imininingwane evela ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene zezempilo zomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi ukuzibulala okwamanje kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokufa okungeyona eyemvelo phakathi kwentsha, kanye nesibalo sabantu abafana namantombazane abasatshalaliswa ngendlela efanayo. ukwanda kwamacala ngemva kwezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu komphakathi, ukuzihlukanisa noma izinkinga ezihlangene, okubonisa izinga umongo othinta ngalo impilo yengqondo yentsha.
Ukucindezeleka, ukuxhashazwa kanye nengozi yokuzibulala: ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi
Ukuzibulala kuyinto inkinga yezempilo yomphakathi okuhlanganisa izigaba ezahlukene: i umbono (ukucabanga ngokufa komuntu noma ukucabanga ngokunyamalala), ukuhlela (hlela ukuthi kuzokwenziwa kanjani), izamile kanye nokuqedwa. Isigaba ngasinye salezi sine- umthelela omkhulu ngokomzwelo, kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho emindenini, ezikoleni, nasemphakathini. Ubusha buyisikhathi esibucayi kakhulu ngoba izinguquko ziyahlangana ezingeni ngokwengqondo, kwezenhlalo nangokomzimba ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonise ubuhlobo obucacile phakathi kokuxhashazwa nokuziphatha kokuzibulalaNokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuvamile ukuba khona imbangela eyodwa. Ukuxhashazwa kuhlobene nezinye izici ezifana... ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa komndeniUkusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma ukubandlulula okusekelwe ekuthandweni ngokobulili noma ubunikazi bobulili konke kungenza buthaka Izici zokuvikela lokho ngokuvamile kusiza intsha ukuba ibhekane nobunzima.
Ukuhlukumeza, kuqondakala njengo ukuziphatha okuhlukumezayo nokuphindaphindwayo okwenzeka ebuhlotsheni bamandla obungalingani, kuthinta kokubili Impilo Yomzimba (izinhlungu, izinkinga zokulala, izinguquko ekufiseni ukudla) kanye impilo yengqondo kwabahlukunyeziwe. Izimpawu ziyavela ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuzikhipha emphakathiniUkwesaba okukhulu ukuya esikoleni, ukwehla kokusebenza kwezemfundo, kanye nomuzwa okhulayo wokukhathazeka ukungabi nathembaUma ukuxhashazwa kufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, ukuhlupheka kuyaqina, njengoba osemusha engase abe nomuzwa wokuthi ukuhlaselwa kusesidlangalaleni, kuhlala njalo, futhi kungaphezu kwamandla akhe.
Funda ngokuningiliziwe izinto eziyingozi kanye nezivikelayo kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni izinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo entsheni. Phakathi kwezinto eziyingozi, ngaphezu kokuxhashazwa nokucindezeleka, kukhona ukuntuleka kwamakhono okuxazulula izinkingaUbunzima bokuveza imizwa, umlando wangaphambilini wokuzilimaza, ukufinyelela kalula ezindleleni ezibulalayo, kanye nomuzwa wokungabi namuntu ongamethemba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zokuvikela zifaka phakathi ukwesekwa komndeni okufudumele nokutholakalayoUbungane obuqinile, ubudlelwano obuhle nomuntu omdala oyedwa okungenani oyisibonelo, ubulungu obuhle beqembu lontanga, kanye ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga zengqondo.
Izifundo zakamuva ngabafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu zibonisa ukuthi intsha eningi iyabonisa ngesinye isikhathi Umbono wokuzibulalaNakuba kungebona bonke abafika esigabeni sokuhlela noma sokuzama. inethiwekhi yabantu abadala abaqeqeshwe (othisha, abeluleki, odokotela bezingane, odokotela bezengqondo, othisha) abakwaziyo ukubona izimpawu zokuxwayisa nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni le mibono ukuthi ingasabalali.
Indima yochwepheshe bezempilo, othisha, kanye nabazali ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni amacala okuxhashazwa esikoleni kanye ukuthola imiphumela yengqondo kusenesikhathi lokho sekuvele kwenzekile. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuvimba ukuxhashazwa, kodwa ukulungisa umonakalo ongokomzwelo okusiza ukuqinisa ukuzethemba kwengane nokwakha kabusha amanethiwekhi ayo okusekela.
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu?
Kunengqondo ukuthi uma abazali bebona izimpawu, kufanele bayise indodakazi noma indodana yabo udokotela wezingane noma womndeni, noma okwamanje isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esigxile ebuntwaneni kanye nasebusheniIqembu lokuqala lingathunyelwa eYunithi Yezempilo Yengqondo. Iseluleko sami sithi funa umbono wochwepheshe abaningana futhi sinqume ukuthi sizophendukela kubani, sibheka ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kanye nobuhlobo babo nengane, ngaphandle kokuthi sihlangane nomuntu ofanele. isimo esibucayi noma ukuzilimazaUma kunjalo, sizoqonda ngqo ku- Umnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Zesibhedlela, bese ukwelashwa kwangaphandle kuzoqala noma kuqhubeke.
Umbiko engikhuluma ngawo ukhuluma nge- amazinga obunzimaKuye ngengozi yokuzibulala, okumele ihlolwe ochwepheshe bezempilo, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi... ukuvimbela noma ukutholakala kusenesikhathiUma isinyathelo sithathwa ngokushesha, amathuba okunciphisa ukuhlupheka nokuvimbela eminye imizamo ayanda. Ngale ndlela, izikhungo eziningi okwamanje zikhuthaza [le ndlela]. izikole zeziguli zempilo yengqondo noma izindawo zokuqeqesha ezivulekele abazali, othisha, kanye nentsha ukuthuthukisa ulwazi mayelana nokuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo, ukuxhashazwa, kanye nokuvimbela ukuzibulala. Ulwazi olunembile kanye nokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kungamathuluzi anamandla emindenini.
Futhi ukwesekwa komndeni okuqhubekayoAkwanele ukuyisa ingane ekwelashweni kwayo masonto onke. Uma kudingeka, wonke umndeni uzobe ukhona. ukwelashwa komndenifuthi uma zitholakala amaphethini obudlelwano adinga ukushintshwaKuzokwenziwa izinguquko ezidingekayo. Umgomo uwukuba ikhaya libe indawo ephephile lapho osemusha engakhuluma ngalokho okwenzeka kuye ngaphandle kokwesaba ukwahlulelwa noma ukujeziswa.
Ngokombono wesikhungo semfundo, kubalulekile ukuba izinqubo zokwenza isinyathelo ngokumelene nokuxhashazwa esikoleniLezi zinhlelo zinikeza isiqondiso ngokuhlala ndawonye, imfundo engokomzwelo, kanye nezindlela eziyimfihlo zokubika ukuxhashazwa noma ukuxhashazwa ku-inthanethi. Lapho izikole nemindeni besebenzisana, kuba lula kakhulu ukubona izinguquko ku ukuziphatha, ukusebenza, noma ukuba khona okungase kube kubonisa ukuhlupheka okujulile.
Odokotela bezingane: lapho ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kuqala ngudokotela
I-American Academy of Pediatrics ifake kulo mbhalo Iseluleko esiqondile sodokotela bezinganeNgoba ngezinye izikhathi intsha ifika ehhovisi likadokotela inezinkinga ezingokomzwelo ezingakabonwa yimindeni yayo. Izimpawu noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka (Ukudabuka okuqhubekayo, izinguquko zokulala kanye nesifiso sokudla, ukucasuka, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukuzihlukanisa, ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo emisebenzini eyayijatshulelwa ngaphambili) kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Udokotela angabuza nokuthi zikhona yini izibhamu noma izindlela ezibulalayo ekhelini, ku- ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma ezinye izintokanye nekhwalithi ye ubuhlobo nabazali kanye nesimo sasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye nodokotela bezingane kudingeka bathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile empilweni yengqondo yentsha nokuthi zimiswe izindlela zokuxhumanisa nezinye izinsiza zomphakathi, zezempilo noma zemfundo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokunakekelwa.
Ingozi yokuzibulala ikhona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelaphi yezenhlalo nezomnotho noma kwe razaNakuba amazinga ehluka ngokwezinhlobo ezithile kanye nezimo ezithile. Ngokuphathelene nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo (khumbula ukuthi sikhuluma nge-United States), yizo ukufutha umoya, izibhamu, ukudliswa ushevu, kanye nokuphonswa usuka phezulu kakhuluUkunciphisa ukufinyelela ezindleleni ezibulalayo kungenye yezindlela zokuvimbela ezinokusekelwa okunamandla kwesayensi.
Kunconywa ukuthi noma ngubani onomthwalo wemfanelo ukunakekelwa noma imfundo yentsha qapha okuqukethwe okubukwe kwabezindaba kanye nokuxhumanaNgoba ukuziphatha kokuzibulala kungalingiswa; okungenani, izingane akufanele zifinyelele okuqukethwe okunobudlova noma okuyingozi ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngale ndaba nomuntu omdala kuqala. Ukuhamba nazo ngenkathi zibukela uchungechunge, amafilimu, izindaba, noma izinkundla zokuxhumana kusiza ekucaciseni imiyalezo, ukuxazulula izinganekwane, nokunikeza isiqondiso. amamodeli okubhekana nezimo ezinempilo.
Ulwazi oluqongelelwe lochwepheshe kwezengqondo zezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo kwezingane luyavuma ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali nabafundisi Kungenye yezindlela eziwusizo kakhulu zokuthi ukuvimbela, ukuthola nokwelapha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo okungaholela emicabangweni noma ekuziphatheni kokuzibulala. Izindawo zokuhlangana lapho lezi zinkinga zichazwa khona ngokucacile. izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, izici eziyingozi, amasu okuxhumana nentsha Futhi izinsiza ezitholakalayo kunethiwekhi yezempilo ziqinisekisa ukuthi imindeni ayizizwa inesizungu noma ikhungathekile.
Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngempilo yengqondo, ukuxhashazwa, nokuzibulala, ngaphandle kwemithetho kodwa ngokuzwela, kukhuthaza intsha ukuba icele usizo ngaphambi kokufinyelela eqophelweni lokuphuka. Ukuqeda ukuthula, ukuqinisekisa ubuhlungu bayo, ukunikeza ezinye izindlela, nokubasekela ngenqubo yokwelapha kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuphelelwa yithemba kanye nethuba lokwakha impilo ephephile, ngisho nangemva kokudlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okunzima kakhulu.
Ukunakekela impilo yengqondo yentsha kusho ukwamukela ukuthi ukucindezeleka, ukuxhashazwa, kanye nengozi yokuzibulala yizinto ezingokoqobo ezingavinjelwa futhi zixazululwe uma umndeni, isikole, uhlelo lwezempilo, kanye nomphakathi besebenzisana, ngolwazi oluqinile, ukulalela ngenkuthalo, kanye nokutholakala kulabo abaludinga kakhulu.