Kuqondana neviki le-10 lokukhula kombungu. Isikhathi sombungu siqala, zonke izitho nezinhlelo zombungu sezivele zakhekile. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, izitho zomntwana zingena esigabeni sokukhula okunamandla nokuvuthwa. ukuqala ukusebenza kahle. Nakuba kuncane ukukhubazeka okwenzeka enganeni phakathi nalesi sikhathi esisha, akumelwe sivumele ukuqapha kwethu: kusabalulekile ukugcina zonke izincomo eziphathelene ukudla okunempilo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngendlela efanele y gwema ubuthi lokho basikhombisa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
Isonto le-12 lokukhulelwa Unjani umntwana?
Emasontweni ayi-12 okukhulelwa, ingane ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angu-6 ukusuka ekhanda kuya esinqeni. futhi inesisindo esiphakathi kwamagremu angu-9 no-14. Ukubukeka komntwana kungokomuntu ngokuphelele: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu, kanye nemilenze kuyabonakala ngokucacile. Nakuba izilinganiso zingakalingani, Ikhanda limelela cishe ingxenye yobude bonke.Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ukukhula kwekhanda kuba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke, okuzokhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhumba somntwana sisancane kakhulu futhi siveza imithambo yegazi lokho kungaphansi. Imisipha yakheka, kodwa idinga ukuvivinya umzimba ukuze iqine, ngakho-ke umntwana usevele enyakaza ngaphakathi kwesibeletho: Iyelula, igoqe imilenze yayo, inyakazise izingalo zayo, iphendule ikhanda layo, bese ivula futhi ivale umlomo wayo.Lokhu kunyakaza kwenzeka kaningi, noma umama engakakuboni. Lokhu kuzivocavoca kunegalelo ekukhuleni kwemisipha kanye nokuvuthwa kwemisipha yezinzwa.
Ebusweni, amehlo, aqale akheka ezinhlangothini zekhanda, manje asecishe abe sesimweni sawo sokugcina, yize amajwabu amehlo ahlala ehlangene Ukuze kuvikelwe ubuso beso, amehlo ngeke avuleke kuze kube yilapho esesigabeni sesibili sokukhulelwa. Izindlebe zisesigabeni sokuthuthela endaweni yazo yokugcina kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zekhanda, ngakho-ke zingase zibonakale ziphansi noma zisezingeni eliphansi, okuyinto evamile ngokuphelele kulesi sigaba.
Izitho zangaphakathi zombungu ziyaqhubeka nokuvuthwa ngesivinini esikhulu. Amathumbu, abeseyingxenye yentambo yenkaba kuze kube manje, angena emgodini wesisu, lapho manje kunesikhala sawo. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, olwaqala njengepayipi elilula, lukhule futhi lwagoba lwaze lwahluka lwaba umphimbo, isisu, amathumbu amancane, kanye namathumbu amakhulu. Izinso zomntwana seziqalile kakade ukukhiqiza umchamo., egcinwa esinyeni bese ikhishwa iye ku-amniotic fluid; lo mjikelezo wokugwinya nokukhipha unegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokugaya ukudla kanye nomchamo.
Amaphaphu asakhula: izindlela zomoya ziyakhula futhi amaphaphu ayaqhubeka nokwakheka. ama-bronchiolesyize kusazothatha amasonto amaningi ngaphambi kokuba zilungele ukuphefumula umoya. Ziyakha futhi izintambo zezwiIzinzipho zeminwe nezezinzwane ziqala ukuvela, bese kuqala ukwakheka umugqa omncane. izinwele ezithambile kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba. I-pituitary gland iqala ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone amaningana abalulekile alawula izinqubo eziningi zomzimba.
Ngokuphathelene nezitho zangasese zangaphandle, sezivele zahluka ngokwesilisa noma ngesifazane. Ezinganeni zesilisa, ukukhula kwezitho zangasese... isinqe kanye nobuso bepenisezinsaneni zesifazane i-clitoris, i-labia enkulu, ne-labia encaneNakuba ukuma okujwayelekile kuchaziwe, usayizi usencane futhi indawo yengane esanda kuzalwa ingenza kube nzima ukuyibona kahle, ngakho-ke Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuthola ubulili bomntwana ngokuqiniseka nge-ultrasound yaleli sonto..
Kulesi sigaba i-placenta isivele yakheke kahle futhi ikhipha inani elanele le- iprogesterone kanye namanye ama-hormone okugcina ukukhulelwa nokuqinisekisa ukushintshana okufanele kwezakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo phakathi kukamama nomntwana.
Yini umama ayibonayo evikini le-12 lokukhulelwa?
Ngokuvamile, isicanucanu nokuhlanza Kuzoncipha kancane kancane amandla kusukela kuleli sonto. Isikhathi se- ukuthula okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzweloKungase kwesabe ngisho nokuzizwa uphilile ngemva kwekota yokuqala egcwele ukungakhululeki. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulelwa ngakunye kuhlukile: abanye besifazane bayaqhubeka nokuzwa izimpawu zokugaya ukudla amasonto amaningana.
Kujwayelekile ukuthi awunaso isimila esibonakalayo, yize kuvamile ukuqala ukuqaphela ukuthi Ibhande lebhulukwe liqinile Futhi akukhululeki. Isibeletho siqala ukuphuma ngaphezu kwe-pelvis, futhi lokho kungabangela izinguquko ezincane esimweni sesisu.
Ungase uqaphele umuzwa wokuthi ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuqina esiswini esingezansi nokuvuvukala. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula kwesibeletho kanye nokuvuvukala kwesibeletho imisipha eyibambayoNgaphandle kokuba kube nobuhlungu obukhulu nobungapheli, ukopha, noma ukugula okuvamile, lokhu kungakhululeki ngokuvamile kujwayelekile futhi kungokwesikhashana.
Izinguquko ze-hormone zingaveza nezinye izimpawu: ukukhulisa amabele kanye nokuzwela okukhulu, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-sebum esikhumbeni (ngokubukeka okukhanyayo, yize ngezinye izikhathi kunezinduna), izinsini ezizwela kakhulu ezivame ukuphuma igaziUkuminyana kwamakhala ngisho nokopha okuncane kwamakhala. Ukugeleza kwegazi okwandisiwe kanye nomsebenzi wamahomoni nakho kungakhuthaza ukubonakala kwemithambo yegazi emincane, ebonakalayo esikhumbeni futhi kwandise ingozi yokuba izindawo zelanga (chloasma gravidarum)Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen nsuku zonke.
Ngokuphathelene nokugaya ukudla, kungenzeka ukuqaphela isilungulela, ukungagayi kahle kokudla, kanye nokuqunjelwa kwesisuUkuqaqamba kwemilenze, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, nakho kungase kwenzeke, okuhlobene nokucindezelwa kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokushintsha kokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi, ukunyakaza njalo, kanye nokwenza ukwelula kancane kungasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zimpawu.
Ukuhlolwa ozokwenza ngesonto le-12 lokukhulelwa
Sekuyisikhathi sokwenza i-ultrasound yokuqala ebalulekile Ngokombono wezokwelapha: i-ultrasound yesonto le-12 lokukhulelwa. Kwenziwa lapho ubude be-embryo kusukela ekhanda kuya esinqeni (ubude be-crown-rump noma i-CRL) buphakathi kuka-45 no-84 mm, okuhambisana cishe nesikhawu esiphakathi kwamasonto e-11 ne-13 kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuhlola kungenziwa ngesisu noma ngesitho sangasese sowesifazaneZombili izindlela ziyasebenza futhi ziphephile. I-ultrasound yesisu inikeza ukucaca okuphansi kancane kodwa ivumela ukuhlolwa okungcono kwesakhiwo sonke sengane; i-ultrasound yesitho sangasese sowesifazane inikeza isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi, yize ukunyakaza kwe-probe kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bahlanganisa zombili izindlela kuye ngokuhlolwa okuthile okudingekayo esimweni ngasinye.
Kule ultrasound, uchwepheshe uzolinganisa umntwana ukuqinisekisa iminyaka yokukhulelwa futhi alungise ubudala bokukhulelwa kanye nosuku lokubeletha okulindelekile Uma kudingeka. Usuku olubalwe kusukela esikhathini sokugcina sokuya esikhathini aluhlali luhambisana nokukhula kwangempela kwengane, futhi ukulinganiswa kobude be-crown-rump kuvumela ukulungiswa ngephutha elingaphansi kwesonto elilodwa. inani lezinganeNgezinye izikhathi ukumangala kuyaphawuleka uma sitshelwa ukuthi: kukhona okubili! Ekukhulelweni okuningi, kuhlolwa nokuthi ngabe imibungu yabelana nge-placenta noma i-amniotic sac, okuwulwazi olubalulekile lokuhlela ukulandelela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibuyekezo sokuqala se- ukwakheka komzimba wenganeI-ultrasound ihlola ukuba khona kwazo zonke izitho ezine, indawo efanele yezitho zangaphakathi (isisu, isinyi, inhliziyo), umgogodla, ugebhezi, kanye nokwakheka kwamathambo, kanye nokungabikho kwezitho ngaphandle komzimba. Nakuba ukuhlolwa okuphelele kakhulu kwesimo somzimba kwenziwa cishe ngesonto lama-20, ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zingatholakala kulesi sigaba.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalesi ultrasound yi- ukuhlolwa kokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomeUchwepheshe we-sonographer uzolinganisa ukugoqwa kwe-nuchal noma ukukhanya kwe-nuchalLokhu kuwukunqwabelana okuncane koketshezi ngemuva kwentamo yombungu. Uma lokhu kulinganisa kuphakeme kunalokho obekulindelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwandisa ingozi ye-Down syndrome noma ezinye izifo zofuzo, ngakho-ke leli cala kuzodingeka lifundwe ngokuningiliziwe. Kuhlolwa nezinye izimpawu, njenge... ukuba khona kwethambo lekhala, ukugeleza ku- i-ductus venosus noma ukusebenza kwe- i-tricuspid valve inhliziyo.
Ngalolu suku, owaziwayo ukuhlolwa kathathu noma ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kwekota yokuqalaSizothatha isampula yegazi ukuze kutholakale amazinga amaprotheni amabili akhiqizwa yi-placenta (i-PAPP-A kanye ne-free beta-hCG). Lolu lwazi, oluhlanganiswe nokulinganiswa kwe-nuchal translucency, ezinye izilinganiso ze-fetus, kanye nobudala bomama, lusenza sikwazi ukubala ingozi yezibalo yokuthi ingane izoba ne-Down syndrome, i-Edwards syndrome, noma ezinye izinkinga ze-chromosomeKubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu ukuhlolwa kokuhlola, hhayi ukuhlolwa kokuxilongaInikeza ukubalwa kwengozi, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ngokuphelele noma ayikuvumeli ukuba khona koshintsho.
Njengendlela ehlukile noma ukwengeza, kungenzeka futhi ukwenza Ukuhlolwa kokutholwa kwe-DNA ye-fetus egazini likamamaukuhlolwa okungahlaseli okune ukuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-trisomies ezivamile. Uma ukuhlolwa okuhlangene noma ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yengane kubonisa ingozi ephezulu, uchwepheshe angase ancome ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okuhlaselayo, njenge i-chorionic biopsy noma i i-amniocentesis, okuvumela ukutadisha ngqo ama-chromosome engane.
I-ultrasound yaleli sonto iphinde ihlole isibeletho kanye nama-ovari kaninaUkuze kunqunywe ukuthi kukhona yini ama-fibroids, ama-cysts, noma ezinye izinkinga, kuhlolwa i-placenta, i-umbilical cord, kanye nenani loketshezi lwe-amniotic. Ezikhungweni eziningi, lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa nokwenza lokhu. ukuhlolwa kwe-preeclampsia, ukulinganisa ukugeleza kwemithambo yesibeletho kusetshenziswa i-Doppler, kanye neminye imininingwane yezokwelapha, ukulinganisa ingozi yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme engxenyeni yesibili yokukhulelwa.
Nakuba ubulili bomntwana ngezinye izikhathi bungabonakala kule ultrasound, Bambalwa ochwepheshe abazama ukukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele.ngoba isilinganiso samaphutha sihlala siphezulu ngaphandle kwasezikhundleni ezinhle kakhulu. Kuvamile ukulinda i-ultrasound yekota yesibili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokwethembeka.
Cishe uzoba ne-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho wokubeletha ukuze nixoxe ngayo yonke imiphumela, niphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo, futhi nibukeze izimpawu zakho. Kubalulekile futhi ukuya kudokotela wakho. izingxoxo zemfundo yomama zenyanga yokuqalaUma ungakakwenzi lokho, ungathatha izifundo ezilandelayo, ezivame ukunikezwa umbelethisi eSikhungweni Sezempilo. Lezi zifundo zihlanganisa ukunakekelwa, izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, kanye nemikhuba enempilo.
Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, njengoba izitho eziyinhloko zakhekile futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala okukhulu kuqediwe, kuqala i-trimester yesibili, isigaba lapho abesifazane abaningi Bajabulela ukukhulelwa kakhulu Ngenxa yokuncipha kokungakhululeki kanye nokwanda kwamandla, kuyilapho iqhubu lomntwana liqala ukubonakala kanye ne-ultrasound isenza sibone ngokucacile ukuthi umntwana okhula usuku nosuku.
Isithombe - jerrylai0208.